23
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Twins from different fathers: A heteropaternal superfecundation case report in Colombia Translated title: Gemelos de diferentes padres: un caso de superfecundación heteropaternal en Colombia

      case-report

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Heteropaternal superfecundation is an extremely rare phenomenon that occurs when a second ova released during the same menstrual cycle is additionally fertilized by the sperm cells of a different man in separate sexual intercourse.

          In August, 2018, the Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación at Universidad Nacional de Colombia received a request to establish the paternity of a pair of male twins with genetic markers. The following analyses were performed: amelogenin gene, autosomal short tandem repeat (STR), and Y-STR analyses by means of human identification commercial kits, paternity index, and the probability of paternity calculation and interpretation. A paternity index of 2.5134E+7 and a probability of paternity of 99.9999% for twin 2 were obtained while 14 out of 17 Y-chromosome markers and 14 out of 21 autosomal short tandem repeats were excluded for twin 1. The results indicated that the twins have different biological fathers.

          Although heteropaternal superfecundation is rarely observed among humans given its low frequency, in paternity disputes for dizygotic twins it is mandatory to demand the presence of the two twins in the testing to avoid wrong conclusions.

          Resumen

          La superfecundación heteropaternal es un fenómeno extremadamente raro que se produce cuando un segundo óvulo, liberado durante el mismo ciclo menstrual, es fertilizado por un espermatozoide de un hombre diferente en relaciones sexuales separadas. En agosto de 2018, el Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia recibió una solicitud para establecer la paternidad mediante marcadores genéticos de un par de mellizos varones, en quienes se hizo el análisis del gen de amelogenina, el análisis de repeticiones cortas en tándem (Short Tandem Repeats, STR) autosómicas y del cromosoma Y (Y-STR) mediante kits comerciales de identificación humana y cálculos e interpretación del índice de paternidad y probabilidad de paternidad. Se obtuvo un índice de paternidad de 2,5134E+7 y una probabilidad de paternidad de 99,9999 % para el gemelo 2, en tanto que en el gemelo 1 se excluyeron 14 de los 17 marcadores del cromosoma Y y 14 de los 21 sistemas STR autosómicos evaluados. Los resultados indicaron que los gemelos tienen diferentes padres biológicos. A pesar de que la superfecundación heteropaternal rara vez se observa en humanos debido a su baja frecuencia, en las disputas de paternidad para los gemelos dicigóticos, es obligatorio exigir en la prueba la presencia de los dos gemelos para evitar conclusiones incorrectas.

          Related collections

          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Optimising Strategies for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Elimination in Cambodia: Primaquine, Mass Drug Administration and Artemisinin Resistance

          Background Malaria elimination requires a variety of approaches individually optimized for different transmission settings. A recent field study in an area of low seasonal transmission in South West Cambodia demonstrated dramatic reductions in malaria parasite prevalence following both mass drug administration (MDA) and high treatment coverage of symptomatic patients with artemisinin-piperaquine plus primaquine. This study employed multiple combined strategies and it was unclear what contribution each made to the reductions in malaria. Method and Findings A mathematical model fitted to the trial results was used to assess the effects of the various components of these interventions, design optimal elimination strategies, and explore their interactions with artemisinin resistance, which has recently been discovered in Western Cambodia. The modelling indicated that most of the initial reduction of P. falciparum malaria resulted from MDA with artemisinin-piperaquine. The subsequent continued decline and near elimination resulted mainly from high coverage with artemisinin-piperaquine treatment. Both these strategies were more effective with the addition of primaquine. MDA with artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) increased the proportion of artemisinin resistant infections, although much less than treatment of symptomatic cases with ACT, and this increase was slowed by adding primaquine. Artemisinin resistance reduced the effectiveness of interventions using ACT when the prevalence of resistance was very high. The main results were robust to assumptions about primaquine action, and immunity. Conclusions The key messages of these modelling results for policy makers were: high coverage with ACT treatment can produce a long-term reduction in malaria whereas the impact of MDA is generally only short-term; primaquine enhances the effect of ACT in eliminating malaria and reduces the increase in proportion of artemisinin resistant infections; parasite prevalence is a better surveillance measure for elimination programmes than numbers of symptomatic cases; combinations of interventions are most effective and sustained efforts are crucial for successful elimination.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer.

            The selection of treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer requires reliable information about the outcome of conservative management. Previous studies of this question are generally considered unreliable because they were uncontrolled and nonrandomized. We performed a pooled analysis of 828 case records from six nonrandomized studies, published since 1985, of men treated conservatively (with observation and delayed hormone therapy but no radical surgery or irradiation) for clinically localized prostate cancer. A Cox regression analysis was performed to determine which factors influenced survival among patients who did not die of causes other than prostate cancer (disease-specific survival). Kaplan-Meier curves for overall and metastasis-free survival among such patients were compared with use of the log-rank method and the Mantel-Haenszel test. Factors that had a significant effect on disease-specific survival were grade 3 tumors (risk ratio, 10.04), residence in Israel (risk ratio, 2.48) or New York (risk ratio, 0.37), and age under 61 years (risk ratio, 0.32). Ten years after diagnosis, disease-specific survival (with data on men who died from causes other than prostate cancer censored) was 87 percent for men with grade 1 or 2 tumors and 34 percent for those with grade 3 tumors; metastasis-free survival among men who had not died of other causes was 81 percent for grade 1, 58 percent for grade 2, and 26 percent for grade 3 disease. These findings were not affected by the inclusion of men who had early-stage cancer, were older, had worse-than-average health, or underwent delayed radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy. The strategy of initial conservative management and delayed hormone therapy is a reasonable choice for some men with grade 1 or 2 clinically localized prostate cancer, particularly for those who have an average life expectancy of 10 years or less. New treatment strategies are needed for men with grade 3 prostate cancer.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Twins with Two Different Fathers Identified by HLA

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomedica
                Biomedica
                bio
                Biomédica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud
                0120-4157
                2590-7379
                09 December 2020
                Oct-Dec 2020
                : 40
                : 4
                : 604-608
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalGrupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia normalizedUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv2Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación orgdiv1Instituto de Genética orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, D.C Colombia
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondencia: William Usaquén, Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 N° 45-03, edificio 426, oficina 101, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia Telephone: (571) 316 5000, extension 11635 wusaquenm@ 123456unal.edu.co
                Article
                10.7705/biomedica.5100
                7808779
                33275339
                22bb85ee-1af6-4b34-9ff5-16e3ac5d4a73

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 17 June 2019
                : 21 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Case Report

                dna fingerprinting,paternity,twins, dizygotic,fertilization,microsatellite repeats,dermatoglifia del adn,paternidad,gemelos dicigóticos,fertilización,repeticiones de microsatélite

                Comments

                Comment on this article