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      Accumulated cognitive impairment, frailty, burden, and perceived stress and the risk of hospitalization and mortality in older caregivers Translated title: COMBINAÇÃO DE COMPROMETIMENTO COGNITIVO, FRAGILIDADE, SOBRECARGA, ESTRESSE PERCEBIDO E O RISCO DE HOSPITALIZAÇÃO E MORTALIDADE EM IDOSOS CUIDADORES

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          ABSTRACT.

          Combination of cognitive impairment, frailty, perceived stress, and excessive burden poses a risk to the health of caregivers.

          Objectives:

          This study aimed to investigate the influence of the combination of these conditions on the occurrence of hospitalizations and deaths among older caregivers in a 4-year follow-up period.

          Methods:

          This is a longitudinal study in the communities with 351 older caregivers who underwent gerontological and geriatric evaluations in 2014 and completed cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination), physical frailty (Cardiovascular Health Study criteria), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and care burden (Zarit Burden Interview) assessments. In 2018, data on hospitalization and mortality were collected.

          Results:

          As a result, 32 (12.6%) caregivers had deceased. Among the 228 survived caregivers who were reevaluated, 24% reported using hospital services in the previous year. Mean length of hospital stay was 3 days (range: 1–22 days). Hospitalization was associated with cognitive impairment co-occurring with frailty (p=0.05), stress (p=0.03), burden (p=0.01), and frailty co-occurring with stress (p=0.04). Considering singular effects, the mortality rate (33.3%) was higher among frail caregivers, followed by those with cognitive impairment (23.1%) and a high level of perceived stress (20.4%). Considering accumulative conditions, mortality rate (43.8%) was higher among frail older caregivers with cognitive impairment, followed by those with a high level of perceived stress and cognitive impairment (32.4%).

          Conclusions:

          The investigation of accumulated effects is important to the identification of potentially vulnerable older caregivers as well as the management and monitoring of the care, health, and independence of those who provide care for other older adults.

          RESUMO.

          Comprometimento cognitivo, fragilidade, estresse e sobrecarga, combinados, podem representar maior risco à saúde dos cuidadores.

          Objetivos:

          O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência da combinação dessas condições na ocorrência de hospitalizações e óbitos entre idosos cuidadores em um período de seguimento de quatro anos.

          Métodos:

          Estudo longitudinal na comunidade, com 351 idosos cuidadores submetidos a avaliação gerontológico-geriátrica em 2014, composta de avaliação da cognição (Miniexame do Estado Mental), fragilidade física (critérios do Cardiovascular Health Study), estresse percebido (Escala de Estresse Percebido) e sobrecarga do cuidado ( Zarit Burden Interview). Em 2018, foram coletados dados sobre admissão hospitalar e mortalidade.

          Resultados:

          Trinta e três (12,6%) cuidadores faleceram. Entre os 228 cuidadores sobreviventes, 24% relataram ter utilizado os serviços hospitalares no ano anterior. A hospitalização foi associada com comprometimento cognitivo coocorrendo com fragilidade (p=0,05), estresse (p=0,03) e sobrecarga (p=0,01), bem como fragilidade coocorrendo com estresse (p=0,04). Considerando-se os efeitos singulares, a taxa de mortalidade foi maior entre cuidadores frágeis (33,3%), seguidos daqueles com comprometimento cognitivo (23,1%) e alto nível de percepção de estresse (20,4%). Considerando-se as condições acumuladas, a mortalidade foi maior entre cuidadores idosos frágeis com comprometimento cognitivo (43,8%), seguidos por aqueles com alto nível de estresse percebido e comprometimento cognitivo (32,4%).

          Conclusões:

          A investigação dos efeitos acumulados é importante para a identificação de cuidadores de idosos potencialmente vulneráveis, bem como para o gerenciamento e o monitoramento do cuidado, para a saúde e a independência daqueles que cuidam de outros idosos.

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          Most cited references49

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          Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype

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            • Article: not found

            “Mini-mental state”

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              A global measure of perceived stress.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dement Neuropsychol
                dn
                Dementia & Neuropsychologia
                Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento
                1980-5764
                1980-5764
                Jan-Mar 2022
                Jan-Mar 2022
                : 16
                : 1
                : 33-44
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Carlos SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]University of East Anglia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom.
                [3 ]Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Carlos SP, Brazil.
                [4 ]Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Três Lagoas MS, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Allan Gustavo Bregola; Email: allanbrig@ 123456gmail.com .

                Disclosure: The authors report no conflict of interest.

                Authors’ contributions.

                AGB: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing – original draft, and writing – review & editing. ACO: methodology, writing – original draft, and writing – review & editing. BML: data curation, methodology, project administration, supervision, writing – original draft, and writing – review & editing. SCIP: conceptualization, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, supervision, writing – original draft, and writing – review & editing.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-4940
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-4587
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-0818
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-8600
                Article
                1980-5764-DN-2020-0091
                10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2020-0091
                9170259
                22aeec7c-1680-4707-83e7-a18e20d149fe

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 03 October 2020
                : 28 July 2021
                : 13 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 12
                Categories
                Original Article

                survival,caregivers,longitudinal studies,risk factors,sobrevida,cuidadores,estudos longitudinais,fatores de risco

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