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      Surgical resection and survival of patients with unsuspected single node positive lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the descending aorta Translated title: Chirurgische Therapie und Überleben von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs (NSCLC), tumoröser Invasion der Aorta descendens und nicht vorbekannter solitärer Lymphknotenmetastase

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          Abstract

          Background: Surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with aortic invasion is still debated.

          Methods: Thirteen patients with locally advanced (T4) NSCLC and invasion of the descending aorta underwent pneumonectomy (n=9) or lobectomy (n=4) together with aorta en bloc resection and reconstruction (n=8) or subadventitial dissection (n=5), complete lymph node dissection, and had microscopic unsuspected node metastasis at N1 (n=5) and N2/3 (n=8) levels of whom 12 received radiation therapy. Clamp-and-sew was used to resect and reconstruct the aorta.

          Results: Operative mortality and morbidity rate was 0% and 23%, respectively. Four patients died of systemic tumor relapse and 2 of local recurrence. Six patients were alive after a median follow-up of 40 months (range 15–125 months). Overall 5-year survival rate was 45%. Median survival time and 5-year survival rate of patients after aortic resection was 35 months and 67%, respectively, and was 17 months and 0%, respectively, after aortic subadventi-tial dissection (p=0.001). N1 and N2 nodal status adversely affected survival, but survival difference was not significant (N1 versus N2/3; 52% versus 39% at 5 years; p=0.998).

          Conclusions: Aortic resection with single station node positive T4 lung cancer can achieve long-term survival. The data indicate that aortic resection-reconstruction is associated with better outcome than subadventitial dissection.

          Translated abstract

          Hintergrund: Die chirurgische Behandlung nicht-kleinzelliger Lungentumore mit Aortawandinvasion wird kontrovers diskutiert.

          Methoden: 13 Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem (T4) nicht-kleinzelligen Lungencarcinom, tumoröser Invasion der Aorta descendens und präoperativ negativem N-Staging wurden in kurativer Intention primär operiert. Operative Prozeduren: Pneumonektomie 8-mal, Lobektomie 4-mal in Kombination mit segmental aortaler en-bloc-Resektion „clamp-and-sew“ in 8 Fällen oder subadventitieller Aortawanddissektion in 5 Fällen und systematischer Lymphknotendissektion. 12 Patienten mit definitiv solitärer, mikroskopischer Lymphknotenmetastase in N1- (n=5) oder N2-Position (n=8) erhielten eine adjuvante Radiotherapie.

          Ergebnisse: Die Krankenhaus-, resp. 90-Tage-Mortalität betrug 0%, die Morbidität 23%. Im weiteren Verlauf verstarben 4 Patienten an disseminierter Metastasierung und 2 Patienten am lokalen Tumorrezidiv. Bei einem mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von 40 Monaten leben noch 6 Patienten (15–125 Monate). Die kumulativ prospektive 5-Jahresüberlebensrate der 13 Patienten betrug 45%. Die mittlere Überlebenszeit und 5-Jahresüberlebensrate nach Aortaresektion betrug 35 Monate und 67%, nach Aortawanddissektion respektive 17 Monate und 0% (p=0,001). Der N1- und N2/3-Lymphknotenstatus beeinträchtigten das Langzeitüberleben (N1 versus N2/3; 52% versus 39% nach 5 Jahren). Der Überlebensunterschied erreichte kein Signifikanzniveau (p=0,998).

          Schlussfolgerungen: Bei einer lokal fortgeschrittenen Lungenkrebserkrankung ist in ausgewählten Fällen, auch bei Vorliegen einer solitären Lymphknotenmetastase, mit einer primären, erweiterten Resektionstherapie ein Langzeitüberleben erzielbar. Nach unseren Ergebnissen ist bei umschriebener aortaler Infiltration der aortalen en-bloc-Resektion gegenüber der subadventitiellen Aortawanddissektion der Vorzug zu geben. Weitere Studien sollten den Nutzen multimodaler Therapiekonzepte evaluieren.

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          Survival of patients with unsuspected N2 (stage IIIA) nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

          The objective of this study was to determine the survival of patients who have completely resected, nonsmall-cell, stage IIIA, lung cancer from unsuspected (nonimaged) N2 disease who received adjuvant chemotherapy. This is a retrospective cohort study using a prospective database. All patients underwent positron emission tomography scan and computed tomography scan with contrast, R0 resection with complete thoracic lymphadenectomy, and had unsuspected, pathologic N2 NSCLC. Between June 1998 and December 2007, there were 148 patients (89 men). The most common pulmonary resection was right upper lobectomy in 67 patients (48%), and the most common lymph node station for unsuspected N2 diseased was 4R. One hundred and thirty-seven patients (93%) received adjuvant chemotherapy and 13% received postoperative radiation as well. The overall 2- and 5-year survivals were 58% and 35%, respectively. The 5-year survival for the 98 patients with single lymph node disease compared with patients with multiple nodal involvement was 40% versus 25%, respectively (p = 0.028). The number of lymph nodes involved (p = 0.032) was an independent predictors of survival on multivariate analysis. Median follow-up was 54 months. The 5-year survival of patients with unsuspected N2 disease who undergo complete resection, followed by adjuvant therapy, is 35%. Patients with single station N2 disease fare better. The role for mediastinoscopy, endoscopic esophageal ultrasound with fine-needle aspirate, or endobronchial ultrasound in patients who are negative by positron emission tomography and computed tomography is unknown, since the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy in these patients is also unproven. A randomized study is needed.
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            Does the Adamkiewicz artery originate from the larger segmental arteries?

            The Adamkiewicz artery supplies most of the blood to the anterior spinal artery, which perfuses the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord. During operations for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, detailed anatomic knowledge of the Adamkiewicz artery and its correlation with the intercostal and/or lumbar arteries is important to prevent postoperative paraplegia. Minute dissection was performed on 102 formol-fixed adult cadavers without any history of circulatory disorders. The Adamkiewicz artery was found in the epidural space after laminectomy of the vertebrae. The entire course between the Adamkiewicz artery and the intercostal and/or lumbar artery was dissected carefully. The vertebral level, laterality, and mean diameter of all Adamkiewicz arteries were investigated. The correlation between the diameter of the Adamkiewicz artery and that of the intercostal and/or lumbar arteries was also determined. The mean number of Adamkiewicz arteries per cadaver was 1.3 +/- 0.65, and the mean diameter was 0.77 +/- 0.24 mm (range, 0.50 to 1.49 mm). Approximately 70% of the Adamkiewicz arteries originated from the intercostal and/or lumbar arteries on the left side, frequently at the T8-L1 vertebral level. There was no statistically significant correlation between the diameter of the Adamkiewicz artery and that of intercostal and/or lumbar arteries. This study provides evidence that, during operations on the thoracoabdominal aorta, the intercostal and/or lumbar arteries should be preserved, regardless of their diameter, to prevent postoperative paraplegia.
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              Surgical resection for lung cancer with infiltration of the thoracic aorta.

              The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a combined resection of the thoracic aorta and primary lung cancer. Sixteen patients underwent thoracic aorta resection along with a left pneumonectomy (n = 6), left upper lobectomy (n = 9), or partial lung resection (n = 1), of whom 10 also received preoperative induction therapy. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 10 patients, and a passive shunt between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta was used in 4 patients. Six postoperative major complications occurred in 5 patients, including postoperative bleeding (n = 3), intraoperative bleeding (n = 1), chylothorax (n = 1), and respiratory failure (n = 1). The postoperative morbidity rate was 31%, and the mortality rate was 12.5% (2/16). Furthermore, 4 patients died of systemic tumor relapse, and 1 patient died of intrapleural recurrence. Nine patients were alive after a median follow-up of 54 months (range, 12-199 months). The median survival time of patients with postoperative pathologic N0 disease was 31 months, whereas it was 10 months for those with pathologic N2 or N3 disease. Five-year survivals were 70% for patients with N0 disease and 16.7% for patients with N2 or N3 disease ( P = .0070). Although pulmonary resection with the involved aorta might cause high surgical morbidity and mortality rates, encouraging long-term survivals were obtained in patients without mediastinal nodal involvement.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Thorac Surg Sci
                GMS Thorac Surg Sci
                Thoracic Surgical Science
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1862-4006
                14 July 2009
                2009
                : 6
                : Doc02
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Clinic Loewenstein, Germany
                [2 ]Departement of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Generale Regionale Di Bolzano, Italy
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Peter Wex, 87764 Maria-Thann, Germany, E-mail: epswmt@ 123456t-online.de
                Article
                tss000016 02 urn:nbn:de:0183-tss0000162
                10.3205/tss000016
                3011294
                21289904
                2273018a-5f5d-4947-9387-86a313864000
                Copyright © 2009 Wex et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

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                Categories
                Article

                Surgery
                lung cancer surgery,outcomes,aortic operation,off pump
                Surgery
                lung cancer surgery, outcomes, aortic operation, off pump

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