Qlone®: A Simple Method to Create 360-Degree Photogrammetry-Based 3-Dimensional Model of Cadaveric Specimens

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Human cadavers are an essential component of anatomy education. However, access to cadaveric specimens and laboratory facilities is limited in most parts of the world. Hence, new innovative approaches and accessible technologies are much needed to enhance anatomy training.

OBJECTIVE

To provide a practical method for 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of cadaveric specimens to maximize the utility of these precious educational materials.

METHODS

Embalmed cadaveric specimens (cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum) were used. The 3D models of cadaveric specimens were built by merging multiple 2-dimensional photographs. Pictures were taken with standard mobile devices (smartphone and tablet). A photogrammetry program (Qlone®, 2017-2020, EyeCue Vision Technologies Ltd, Yokneam, Israel), an all-in-one 3D scanning and augmented reality technology, was then used to convert the images into an integrated 3D model.

RESULTS

High-resolution 360-degree 3D models of the cadaveric specimens were obtained. These models could be rotated and moved freely on different planes, and viewed from different angles with varying magnifications. Advanced editing options and the possibility for export to virtual- or augmented-reality simulation allowed for better visualization.

CONCLUSION

This inexpensive, simple, and accessible method for creating 360-degree 3D cadaveric models can enhance training in neuroanatomy and allow for a highly realistic surgical simulation environment for neurosurgeons worldwide.

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Most cited references 17

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First-year medical students prefer multiple learning styles.

Heidi L. Lujan, Stephen DiCarlo (2006)

Students have preferences for the ways in which they receive information. The visual, auditory, reading/writing, kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire identifies student's preferences for particular modes of information presentation. We administered the VARK questionnaire to our first-year medical students, and 166 of 250 students (66%) returned the completed questionnaire. Only 36.1% of the students preferred a single mode of information presentation. Among these students, 5.4% preferred visual (learning from graphs, charts, and flow diagrams), 4.8% preferred auditory (learning from speech), 7.8% preferred printed words (learning from reading and writing), and 18.1% preferred using all their senses (kinesthetics: learning from touch, hearing, smell, taste, and sight). In contrast, most students (63.8%) preferred multiple modes [2 modes (24.5%), 3 modes (32.1%), or 4 modes (43.4%)] of information presentation. Knowing the students preferred modes can 1) help provide instruction tailored to the student's individual preference, 2) overcome the predisposition to treat all students in a similar way, and 3) motivate teachers to move from their preferred mode(s) to using others.

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Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era

Sanjib Kumar Ghosh (2015)

The review article attempts to focus on the practice of human cadaveric dissection during its inception in ancient Greece in 3rd century BC, revival in medieval Italy at the beginning of 14th century and subsequent evolution in Europe and the United States of America over the centuries. The article highlights on the gradual change in attitude of religious authorities towards human dissection, the shift in the practice of human dissection being performed by barber surgeons to the anatomist himself dissecting the human body and the enactment of prominent legislations which proved to be crucial milestones during the course of the history of human cadaveric dissection. It particularly emphasizes on the different means of procuring human bodies which changed over the centuries in accordance with the increasing demand due to the rise in popularity of human dissection as a tool for teaching anatomy. Finally, it documents the rise of body donation programs as the source of human cadavers for anatomical dissection from the second half of the 20th century. Presently innovative measures are being introduced within the body donation programs by medical schools across the world to sensitize medical students such that they maintain a respectful, compassionate and empathetic attitude towards the human cadaver while dissecting the same. Human dissection is indispensable for a sound knowledge in anatomy which can ensure safe as well as efficient clinical practice and the human dissection lab could possibly be the ideal place to cultivate humanistic qualities among future physicians in the 21st century.

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A novel three-dimensional tool for teaching human neuroanatomy.

Maureen E. Estevez, Kristen Lindgren, Peter R. Bergethon (2010)

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of neuroanatomy can be challenging for medical students. This knowledge is essential in order for students to correlate cross-sectional neuroanatomy and whole brain specimens within neuroscience curricula and to interpret clinical and radiological information as clinicians or researchers. This study implemented and evaluated a new tool for teaching 3D neuroanatomy to first-year medical students at Boston University School of Medicine. Students were randomized into experimental and control classrooms. All students were taught neuroanatomy according to traditional 2D methods. Then, during laboratory review, the experimental group constructed 3D color-coded physical models of the periventricular structures, while the control group re-examined 2D brain cross-sections. At the end of the course, 2D and 3D spatial relationships of the brain and preferred learning styles were assessed in both groups. The overall quiz scores for the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (t(85) = 2.02, P < 0.05). However, when the questions were divided into those requiring either 2D or 3D visualization, only the scores for the 3D questions were significantly higher in the experimental group (F₁(,)₈₅ = 5.48, P = 0.02). When surveyed, 84% of students recommended repeating the 3D activity for future laboratories, and this preference was equally distributed across preferred learning styles (χ² = 0.14, n.s.). Our results suggest that our 3D physical modeling activity is an effective method for teaching spatial relationships of brain anatomy and will better prepare students for visualization of 3D neuroanatomy, a skill essential for higher education in neuroscience, neurology, and neurosurgery. Copyright © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Muhammet Enes Gurses: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Operative Neurosurgery

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

ISSN (Print): 2332-4252

ISSN (Electronic): 2332-4260

Publication date Created: December 2021

Publication date Created: November 15 2021

Publication date Created: October 18 2021

Publication date Other: December 2021

Publication date (Print): November 15 2021

Publication date (Electronic): October 18 2021

Volume: 21

Issue: 6

Pages: E488-E493

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

[2 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

[3 ]Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey

[4 ]Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

[5 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

Article

DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab355

PubMed ID: 34662905

SO-VID: 21f1a42d-602d-4e0d-b502-ea0069b20753

License:

https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

Qlone®: A Simple Method to Create 360-Degree Photogrammetry-Based 3-Dimensional Model of Cadaveric Specimens

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

OBJECTIVE

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

Related collections

Recursive Rule based Visual Categorization

Most cited references 17

First-year medical students prefer multiple learning styles.

Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era

A novel three-dimensional tool for teaching human neuroanatomy.

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Contributors

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Affiliations

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