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      Aptitud combinatoria del rendimiento de antocianinas y de características agronómicas en poblaciones nativas de maíz pigmentado Translated title: Combining ability of anthocianyns yield and agronomic traits on native populations of pigmented maize

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          Abstract

          Los granos de maíz (Zea mays L.) rojos, azules y púrpuras contienen antocianinas de importancia en la prevención de enfermedades humanas. La selección por color de grano se considera relevante en la actualidad. Para lograr la definición de metodologías eficientes de selección conviene aplicar diseños genéticos que permitan analizar la contribución genética en la variación cuantitativa de las características de interés. Se usó un diseño genético para estimar los efectos de aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) y específica (ACE), maternos (EM) y recíprocos (ER) de la concentración de antocianinas por unidad de peso de grano (CAkg) y el rendimiento de antocianinas por hectárea (RAha). Se estableció un experimento de cruzas dialélicas entre cinco poblaciones nativas contrastantes en su color de grano, donde se midieron variables agronómicas. También se obtuvo la semilla F2, con polinización controlada, para medir la concentración de antocianinas en el grano completo. Con base en los dos experimentos se calculó el rendimiento de antocianinas por planta (RApta), el RAha y la heterosis. Hubo semejanza entre progenitores en las variables agronómicas pero difirieron en su capacidad de acumular antocianinas. Los efectos de ACG fueron superiores en la mayoría de las características agronómicas, con respecto a los de ACE. En RApta hubo efectos significativos de ACG, ACE y ER, y fue la población Rojo-1 la de mayor ACG. Hubo heterosis entre cruzas para CAkg, siendo las mejores Rojo-1 × Rojo-2, Rojo-1 × Azul-1 y Rojo-1 × Azul-2; y para RAha las mejores cruzas fueron Rojo-1 × Rojo-2 y Rojo-1 × Azul-2.

          Translated abstract

          The red, blue and purple maize (Zea mays L.) kernels contain anthocyanins of importance in the human diseases prevention. Nowadays, the selection of maize based on kernel color is considered relevant. To define efficient selection methodologies is convenient to apply genetics designs that allow analyzing the genetic contribution on the quantitative variation in the traits of interest. A genetic design was used to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities, maternal (ME) and reciprocal (RE) effects of the anthocyanin concentrations per unit of weight of grain (ACkg) and the anthocyanin yield per hectare (AYha). An experiment of diallel crosses between five native populations with different grain color was established where some agronomic traits were measured. In another experiment, F2 seed was obtained using controlled pollination, to determine the concentrations of anthocyanin in the whole grain. Using data from both experiments the anthocyanins yield per plant (AYpta), per hectare (AYha) and the heterosis (%) were calculated. There was similarity among progenitors in the agronomic traits, but they differed on their capacity to accumulate anthocyanin. The GCA effects were superior in most of the agronomic traits compared to the SCA. The AYpta had significant effects of GCA, SCA and RE, being the Red-1 population the one of greater GCA. There was heterosis in crosses for ACkg, where the best ones were Red-1 × Red-2, Red-1 × Blue-1 and Red-1 × Blue-2; and for AYha the best crosses were Red-1 × Red-2 and Red-1 × Blue-2.

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          Allelic variation and heterosis in maize: how do two halves make more than a whole?

          In this review, we discuss the recent research on allelic variation in maize and possible implications of this work toward our understanding of heterosis. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is the increased performance of a hybrid relative to the parents, and is a result of the variation that is present within a species. Intraspecific comparisons of sequence and expression levels in maize have documented a surprisingly high level of allelic variation, which includes variation for the content of genic fragments, variation in repetitive elements surrounding genes, and variation in gene expression levels. There is evidence that transposons and repetitive DNA play a major role in the generation of this allelic diversity. The combination of allelic variants provides a more comprehensive suite of alleles in the hybrid that may be involved in novel allelic interactions. A major unresolved question is how the combined allelic variation and interactions in a hybrid give rise to heterotic phenotypes. An understanding of allelic variation present in maize provides an opportunity to speculate on mechanisms that might lead to heterosis. Variation for the presence of genes, the presence of novel beneficial alleles, and modified levels of gene expression in hybrids may all contribute to the heterotic phenotypes.
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            Towards the molecular basis of heterosis.

            Heterosis describes the superior performance of heterozygous hybrid plants over their homozygous parental inbred lines. Despite the rediscovery of this phenomenon a century ago and its paramount agronomic importance, the genetic and molecular basis of heterosis remains enigmatic. Recently, various pioneer studies described differences in genome organization and gene expression of hybrids and their parental inbred lines. At the genomic level, a significant loss of colinearity at many loci between different inbred lines of maize was observed. At the level of gene expression, complex transcriptional networks specific for different developmental stages and tissues were monitored in maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Integration of this complex expression data might contribute to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of heterosis.
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              The Use of Controlled Postharvest Abiotic Stresses as a Tool for Enhancing the Nutraceutical Content and Adding-Value of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfm
                Revista fitotecnia mexicana
                Rev. fitotec. mex
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-7380
                March 2010
                : 33
                : 1
                : 11-19
                Affiliations
                [01] Texcoco Estado de México orgnameColegio de Postgraduados camen@ 123456colpos.mx
                [02] Puebla Puebla orgnameColegio de Postgraduados
                Article
                S0187-73802010000100004 S0187-7380(10)03300100004
                21423ef5-3b3a-431b-acad-4df77fb8bf34

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 December 2008
                : 14 November 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                heterosis,anthocyanins,Zea mays,antocianinas
                heterosis, anthocyanins, Zea mays, antocianinas

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