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      Tafonomía en restos óseos humanos del SO de la región pampeana: el sitio Médano Petroquímica (Puelén, La Pampa, Argentina) Translated title: Taphonomy in human skeletal remains from southwest pampean region: the Médano Petroquímica site (Puelén, La Pampa, Argentina)

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          Abstract

          Resumen El análisis tafonómico permite conocer el origen y las posibles causas de la preservación diferencial en restos óseos. Este conocimiento resulta de suma utilidad para abordar análisis bioarqueológicos, ya que proporciona información clave sobre los procesos de formación del registro bioantropológico y de las condiciones ambientales del pasado. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de los procesos y agentes post-depósitacionales de origen no antrópico que actuaron en el sitio Médano Petroquímica, un sitio con entierros prehispánicos (entre 419 ± 46 AP y 363 ± 45 AP) ubicado al sudoeste de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Se realizaron análisis tafonómicos en restos óseos humanos correspondientes a 19 individuos recuperados de un entierro primario simple y tres entierros secundarios múltiples. Se contabilizaron 4179 especímenes correspondientes a 1829 elementos. Los resultados muestran que los entierros múltiples fueron afectados de manera similar por las distintas variables consideradas. Aunque la meteorización fue la variable registrada con mayor frecuencia, la acción de raíces habría sido la que mayormente afectó la integridad de los elementos. Esta experiencia pretende destacar la importancia del análisis tafonómico en los entierros humanos para obtener información acerca de la influencia del ambiente en el registro bioarqueológico.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Taphonomic analysis allows knowing the origin and the possible causes of the differential preservation in bone remains. This knowledge is very useful for approaching bioarchaeological analyzes, as it provides key information work focuses on the study of post-depositional processes and agents of non-anthropogenic origin that affected the Médano Petroquímica site, a pre-Hispanic hunter-gatherer cemetery (between 419 ± 46 BP and 363± 45 BP) located in the southwest of the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Taphonomic analyzes were performed on human skeletal remains corresponding to 19 individuals recovered from a single primary burial and three multiple secondary burials. 4179 specimens corresponding to 1829 elements were counted. The results show that multiple burials were similarly affected by the variables considered. Although weathering was the most frequently recorded variable, the action of roots would have had the greatest impact on the integrity of the elements. This experience aims to highlight the importance of taphonomic analysis in human burials to obtain information about the environmental influence on the bioarchaeological record.

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation?

            Plants constantly sense the changes in their environment; when mineral elements are scarce, they often allocate a greater proportion of their biomass to the root system. This acclimatory response is a consequence of metabolic changes in the shoot and an adjustment of carbohydrate transport to the root. It has long been known that deficiencies of essential macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium) result in an accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves and roots, and modify the shoot-to-root biomass ratio. Here, we present an update on the effects of mineral deficiencies on the expression of genes involved in primary metabolism in the shoot, the evidence for increased carbohydrate concentrations and altered biomass allocation between shoot and root, and the consequences of these changes on the growth and morphology of the plant root system.
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              COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF A LOCALISED SUPPLY OF PHOSPHATE, NITRATE, AMMONIUM AND POTASSIUM ON THE GROWTH OF THE SEMINAL ROOT SYSTEM, AND THE SHOOT, IN BARLEY

              M. DREW (1975)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                remua
                Revista del Museo de Antropología
                Rev. Mus. Antropol.
                Museo de Antropología; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Córdoba, , Argentina )
                1852-060X
                1852-4826
                December 2020
                : 13
                : 3
                : 07-22
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Laboratorio de Bioarqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
                [1] orgnameLaboratorio de Bioarqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto mbottini@ 123456exa.unrc.edu.ar
                Article
                S1852-48262020000300011 S1852-4826(20)01300300011
                10.31048/1852.4826.v13.n3.30056
                213a1d01-5a15-4155-ae48-15810e9de9ae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 November 2020
                : 23 November 2020
                : 24 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 95, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Antropologia biológica

                Pampean hunter-gatherers,Bone integrity,Tafonomía,Taphonomy,Bioarcheology,Integridad ósea,Cazadores-recolectores pampeanos,Bioarqueología

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