APROXIMACIÓN EPIDEMIOLÓGICA AL PROCESO DE CONTACTO INTERÉTNICO EN EL NORTE DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPRAOCH TO EUROPEAN-ABORIGINAL CONTACT IN NORTH OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO </span>

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Abstract

Se analizó el proceso de contacto interétnico ocurrido en el norte de Tierra del Fuego durante finales de siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX. Específicamente, aquellos sucesos vinculados con la misión salesiana de Río Grande, Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria y la población Selk'nam. Mediante el análisis de los registros misionales -diario de la misión, libro de defunciones y libro de bautismos- y de fuentes etnográficas y secundarias, se examinaron las causas de muerte entre los aborígenes, como también aspectos epidemiológicos (edad, sexo, estacionalidad y año de las muertes ocurridas) y su posible impacto en la extinción aborigen. La tuberculosis ha sido la causa de muerte excluyente dentro de la Misión para el período entre 1902 y 1931 y, asimismo, se sugiere como razón para el periodo 1897-1902 (para el cual no existe registro de defunciones). Conforme el comportamiento típico de la tuberculosis tanto en poblaciones occidentales como aborígenes, se propone que la población asilada habría estado compuesta por una mayor proporción de niños, adolescentes y probablemente mujeres. Se discute la incidencia de La Candelaria en el proceso de extinción Selk'nam, a partir de la información obtenida y de los datos demográficos existentes.

Translated abstract

European-native contact events during the last part of the 19th century and beginnings of the 20th century in the north of Tierra del Fuego are examined. Specifically, the events linked with the Salesian mission of Río Grande, Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria and the indigenous population. By means of the analysis of the missionary records -mission diary, deaths book and baptisms book- and of ethnographic and secondary sources, the cause of death among the natives was examined. Also its epidemiological aspects (age, sex, seasonal variation and year of deaths) and its possible impact in the Selk'nam extinction are analyzed. Tuberculosis has been the excluding cause of death in the Mission during the period between 1902 and 1931 and we suggest likewise for the period 1897-1902 (for which there it no deaths record). According to the typical behavior of the tuberculosis disease, either in occidental or indigenous populations, we proposes that population sheltered in the Mission was composed by a major proportion of children, teenagers and probably women. We emphasize the thesis that the drastic population reduction of Selk'nam people begum before the emplacement of thr Mission and that the 223 deaths reported in La Candelaria were a part of this process, but in an already irreversible context

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Interpreting the decline in tuberculosis: the role of secular trends in effective contact.

E. Vynnycky, P E Fine (1999)

The dramatic decline in tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries during the past century has been attributed to many factors, including improvements in living and social conditions and, more recently, effective treatment. Each of these changes should have reduced the average number of individuals 'effectively contacted' (i.e. sufficiently to transmit infection) by each infectious TB case. Estimates of the average number of individuals effectively contacted by each infectious TB case, for each year since 1900 in England and Wales, are derived as the ratio between published estimates of the annual risk of infection and estimates of the prevalence of infectious cases, as derived using a published model of the epidemiology of TB. The results suggest that each infectious case contacted, on average, about 22 individuals in 1900 sufficiently to transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and that this number declined to about 10 by 1950 and to approximately one by 1990. Although several factors contributed to the decline in TB in developed countries during this century, a major contributor has been the decline in the number of effective contacts by each case over time. Similar declines have doubtless occurred over the past century for many infections in developed countries.