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      Evaluating Language Environment Analysis System Performance for Chinese: A Pilot Study in Shanghai

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate performance of the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) automated language-analysis system for the Chinese Shanghai dialect and Mandarin (SDM) languages.

          Method

          Volunteer parents of 22 children aged 3–23 months were recruited in Shanghai. Families provided daylong in-home audio recordings using LENA. A native speaker listened to 15 min of randomly selected audio samples per family to label speaker regions and provide Chinese character and SDM word counts for adult speakers. LENA segment labeling and counts were compared with rater-based values.

          Results

          LENA demonstrated good sensitivity in identifying adult and child; this sensitivity was comparable to that of American English validation samples. Precision was strong for adults but less so for children. LENA adult word count correlated strongly with both Chinese characters and SDM word counts. LENA conversational turn counts correlated similarly with rater-based counts after the exclusion of three unusual samples. Performance related to some degree to child age.

          Conclusions

          LENA adult word count and conversational turn provided reasonably accurate estimates for SDM over the age range tested. Theoretical and practical considerations regarding LENA performance in non-English languages are discussed. Despite the pilot nature and other limitations of the study, results are promising for broader cross-linguistic applications.

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          Most cited references23

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          Talking to children matters: early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary.

          Infants differ substantially in their rates of language growth, and slow growth predicts later academic difficulties. In this study, we explored how the amount of speech directed to infants in Spanish-speaking families low in socioeconomic status influenced the development of children's skill in real-time language processing and vocabulary learning. All-day recordings of parent-infant interactions at home revealed striking variability among families in how much speech caregivers addressed to their child. Infants who experienced more child-directed speech became more efficient in processing familiar words in real time and had larger expressive vocabularies by the age of 24 months, although speech simply overheard by the child was unrelated to vocabulary outcomes. Mediation analyses showed that the effect of child-directed speech on expressive vocabulary was explained by infants' language-processing efficiency, which suggests that richer language experience strengthens processing skills that facilitate language growth.
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            Language input and child syntax.

            Existing work on the acquisition of syntax has been concerned mainly with the early stages of syntactic development. In the present study we examine later syntactic development in children. Also, existing work has focused on commonalities in the emergence of syntax. Here we explore individual differences among children and their relation to variations in language input. In Study 1 we find substantial individual differences in children's mastery of multiclause sentences and a significant relation between those differences and the proportion of multiclause sentences in parent speech. We also find individual differences in the number of noun phrases in children's utterances and a significant relation between those differences and the number of noun phrases in parent speech. In Study 2 we find greater syntactic growth over a year of preschool in classes where teachers' speech is more syntactically complex. The implications of our findings for the understanding of the sources of syntactic development are discussed.
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              Early vocabulary growth: Relation to language input and gender.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
                J Speech Lang Hear Res
                American Speech Language Hearing Association
                1092-4388
                1558-9102
                April 2015
                April 2015
                : 58
                : 2
                : 445-452
                Affiliations
                [1 ]LENA Research Foundation, Boulder, CO
                [2 ]University of Colorado at Boulder
                [3 ]Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
                [4 ]MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, China
                [5 ]University of Florida, Gainesville
                [6 ]University of Dundee, Scotland
                Article
                10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0014
                25614978
                20cbedf0-0f13-4755-b44d-de0f517c92c3
                © 2015
                History

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