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      Determinación de nitrito como metabolito estable del óxido nítrico en el líquido sinovial de articulación metacarpofalángica equina Translated title: Nitrite determination as a stable metabolite of nitric oxide in synovial fluid of equine metacarpophalangeal joint

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          Abstract

          La osteoartritis (OA) se caracteriza por fibrilación y erosión del cartílago articular. El óxido nítrico (NO•) sería un importante mediador biológico de la OA y su producción es significativamente mayor en el cartílago OA. El NO• inhibe la síntesis de matriz cartilaginosa e induce la apoptosis en el cartílago articular. Se determinó indirectamente la producción de NO• a través de la concentración de nitrito utilizando la reacción de Griess. Se comparó la concentración de nitrito del líquido sinovial de la articulación metacarpofalángica equina con diferente condición patológica. La clasificación articular y la edad se determinaron por inspección macroscópica. El grupo normal NN (n = 47) no presentó daño visual de las estructuras articulares. Los grupos con daño articular fueron: a) un grupo con membrana sinovial congestiva sin daño del cartílago NA (n = 25), b) un grupo con daño del cartílago y con membrana sinovial normal AN (n = 23), y c) un grupo con daño del cartílago y con membrana sinovial congestiva AA (n = 15). El cartílago articular dañado presentó erosiones y múltiples líneas de roce y la membrana sinovial dañada presentó aspecto congestivo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos analizados. Sólo hubo tendencia a aumentar en el grupo NA (44,4 ± 32,6 µmol/L), posiblemente asociado a la integridad del cartílago y a su mayor respuesta al estímulo proinflamatorio de la membrana sinovial congestiva. La concentración de nitrito tendió a disminuir en el grupo con daño de cartílago y membrana sinovial AA (26,3 ± 22,1 µmol/L) que se explicaría por la pérdida de cartílago en este modelo in vivo.

          Translated abstract

          The striking feature of osteoarthritis (OA) is fibrilation and loss of articular cartilage. Nitric oxide (NO•) has been involved as an important biological mediator of OA and its production is significantly higher in OA cartilage. NO• suppresses cartilagenous matrix synthesis and induces condrocytes apoptosis in articular cartilage. The NO• production was indirectly determined by measuring nitrite by Griess reaction. Nitrite concentration of synovial fluid was compared in different equine metacarpophalangic joint conditions. Joint classification and age determination were carried out by macroscopic examination. It was considered a normal joint group NN (n = 47) the one without any visual damage of articular structures. The damaged groups considered a) a group with a congestive synovial membrane without cartilage damage NA (n = 25), b) a group with damaged cartilage and normal synovial membrane AN (n=23) and c) a group with damaged cartilage and congestive synovial membrane AA (n = 15). A damaged cartilage showed erosions and multiple wear lines and a damaged synovial membrane showed a congestive appearance. There were no significant differences in nitrite concentration between the analyzed groups. Only in the NA group a non significant increase (44.4 ± 32.6 µmol/L) was detected, that was possibly associated to the absence of cartilage loss and so with a major response to proinflammatory stimulation originated in the congestive synovial membrane. Nitrite concentration decreased in a non significant way in the damaged cartilage and synovial membrane group AA (26.3 ± 22.1 µmol/L) which might be explained by cartilage loss in this in vivo model.

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          Most cited references28

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          A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite.

          Numerous methods are available for measurement of nitrate (NO(-)(3)). However, these assays can either be time consuming or require specialized equipment (e.g., nitrate reductase, chemiluminescent detector). We have developed a method for simultaneous evaluation of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in a microtiter plate format. The principle of this assay is reduction of nitrate by vanadium(III) combined with detection by the acidic Griess reaction. This assay is sensitive to 0.5 microM NO(-)(3) and is useful in a variety of fluids including cell culture media, serum, and plasma. S-Nitrosothiols and L-arginine derivatives were found to be potential interfering agents. However, these compounds are generally minor constituents of biological fluids relative to the concentration of nitrate/nitrite. This report introduces a new, convenient assay for the stable oxidation products of nitrogen oxide chemistry in biological samples. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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            Linkage of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation in human osteoarthritis.

            To examine the occurrence of apoptosis in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage, and to determine its relationship to cartilage degradation. Knee cartilage was obtained from subjects at autopsy, from a tissue bank, and from OA patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery. Chondrocytes were isolated and the number of apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells in cartilage sections were identified by the detection of DNA strand breaks. Electron microscopy was applied to demonstrate morphologic changes, and Safranin O staining was performed to analyze the relationship between apoptosis and proteoglycan depletion. Flow cytometry on cell suspensions prepared from collagenase digests of cartilage showed that approximately 22.3% of OA chondrocytes and 4.8% of normal chondrocytes were undergoing apoptosis. Staining of cartilage sections demonstrated the presence of apoptotic cells in the superficial and middle zones. Cartilage areas that contained apoptotic cells showed proteoglycan depletion, and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly correlated with the OA grade. These observations demonstrate increased chondrocyte apoptosis in OA cartilage. Chondrocyte apoptosis and proteoglycan depletion are anatomically linked and may be mechanistically related.
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              The role of nitric oxide in inflammation and immunity.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amv
                Archivos de medicina veterinaria
                Arch. med. vet.
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0301-732X
                2009
                : 41
                : 3
                : 255-259
                Affiliations
                [01] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Chile mgallegu@ 123456uchile.cl
                Article
                S0301-732X2009000300010 S0301-732X(09)04100310
                209cb4fc-f1d7-4be9-8b8a-6cb22ce53eea

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Chile

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                equino,nitrito,líquido sinovial,equine,nitrite,synovial fluid
                equino, nitrito, líquido sinovial, equine, nitrite, synovial fluid

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