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      Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on liver histology among morbidly obese individuals. A cross-sectional study : Influência do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sobre a histologia hepática entre indivíduos com obesidade mórbida. Um estudo transversal

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health concern. It encompasses a wide spectrum of histological abnormalities and has close relationships with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study sought to compare the histological alterations observed in morbidly obese individuals with and without T2DM who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Cross-sectional study in a tertiary-level public hospital.

          METHODS:

          This was a cross-sectional study on 197 individuals who underwent gastric bypass surgery between 2011 and 2013. NAFLD was assessed through liver biopsies. T2DM was diagnosed through the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

          RESULTS:

          Non-diabetics presented significantly more biopsies without any histological abnormalities, regarding steatosis (42.6% versus 25.5%; P = 0.0400), fibrosis (60.6% versus 36.2%; P = 0.0042) and steatohepatitis (27.3% versus 12.8%; P = 0.0495), while diabetics presented significantly higher frequency of moderate forms of steatosis (36.2% versus 20%; P = 0.0307) and fibrosis (23.4% versus 4%; P = 0.0002).

          DISCUSSION:

          T2DM was associated with more advanced forms of NAFLD within the population studied. NAFLD has previously been correlated with severe forms of heart disease.

          CONCLUSION:

          Screening for and early detecting of NAFLD in high-risk populations are important for avoiding further development of severe forms and the need for liver transplantation.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:

          A doença gordurosa não alcoólica do fígado se tornou um problema de saúde pública. Ela compreende um amplo espectro de alterações histológicas e se relaciona intimamente com a resistência insulínica e o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Este estudo tem por objetivo comparar as alterações histológicas observadas em obesos mórbidos com e sem diabetes submetidos ao bypass gástrico em Y de Roux.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo transversal em um hospital terciário público.

          MÉTODOS:

          Este é um estudo transversal que envolveu 197 indivíduos submetidos ao bypass gástrico entre 2011 e 2013. A doença gordurosa do fígado foi avaliada através de biópsia hepática. O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 foi diagnosticado através dos critérios da Federação Internacional de Diabetes.

          RESULTADOS:

          Indivíduos não diabéticos apresentaram significativamente mais biópsias sem anormalidades histológicas, em relação a esteatose (42,6% versus 25,5%; P = 0.04), fibrose (60,6% versus 36,2%; P = 0.0042) e esteato-hepatite (27,3% versus 12,8%; P = 0.0495); os diabéticos apresentaram uma frequência significativamente mais alta de formas moderadas de esteatose (36,2% versus 20%; P = 0.0307) e fibrose (23,4% versus 4%; P = 0.0002).

          DISCUSSÃO:

          O DM-2 associou-se a formas mais avançadas de doença gordurosa do fígado dentro da população estudada. A doença gordurosa não alcoólica do fígado foi associada previamente com formas graves de doença cardíaca.

          CONCLUSÃO:

          A busca e detecção precoce da doença gordurosa em populações de alto risco são importantes para evitar o futuro desenvolvimento de formas graves e a necessidade de transplante hepático.

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          Most cited references81

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
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          The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

          Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced liver fibrosis are at the highest risk for progressing to end-stage liver disease. We constructed and validated a scoring system consisting of routinely measured and readily available clinical and laboratory data to separate NAFLD patients with and without advanced fibrosis. A total of 733 patients with NAFLD confirmed by liver biopsy were divided into 2 groups to construct (n = 480) and validate (n = 253) a scoring system. Routine demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were analyzed by multivariate modeling to predict presence or absence of advanced fibrosis. Age, hyperglycemia, body mass index, platelet count, albumin, and AST/ALT ratio were independent indicators of advanced liver fibrosis. A scoring system with these 6 variables had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 and 0.82 in the estimation and validation groups, respectively. By applying the low cutoff score (-1.455), advanced fibrosis could be excluded with high accuracy (negative predictive value of 93% and 88% in the estimation and validation groups, respectively). By applying the high cutoff score (0.676), the presence of advanced fibrosis could be diagnosed with high accuracy (positive predictive value of 90% and 82% in the estimation and validation groups, respectively). By applying this model, a liver biopsy would have been avoided in 549 (75%) of the 733 patients, with correct prediction in 496 (90%). a simple scoring system accurately separates patients with NAFLD with and without advanced fibrosis, rendering liver biopsy for identification of advanced fibrosis unnecessary in a substantial proportion of patients.
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            Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis.

            NAFLD is a spectrum of progressive liver disease that encompasses simple steatosis, NASH, fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis. NAFLD is recognized as the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome, as these conditions have insulin resistance as a common pathophysiological mechanism. Therefore, NAFLD is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. As lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary and dietary patterns have changed, the worldwide prevalence of NAFLD has increased dramatically and is projected to be the principal aetiology for liver transplantation within the next decade. Importantly, a growing body of clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that NAFLD is associated not only with liver-related morbidity and mortality, but also with an increased risk of developing both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article reviews the evidence that suggests NAFLD is a multisystem disease and the factors that might determine interindividual variation in the development and progression of its major hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations (principally type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease).
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                19 January 2016
                2016
                : 134
                : 1
                : 79-83
                Affiliations
                [I ] originalMD, MSc. Assistant Lecturer, Department of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [II ] originalBM. Medical Student, Department of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [III ] originalMD. Resident Physician, Department of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [IV ] originalMD, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [V ] originalMD, MSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Everton Cazzo. Departamento de Cirurgia. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Rua Alexander Fleming, s/n o, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Campinas (SP) - Brazil. CEP 13085-000. E-mail: evertoncazzo@ 123456yahoo.com.br

                Conflict of interests: None

                Article
                10.1590/1516-3180.2015.01652409
                10496580
                26786607
                208a6808-40df-41a7-86d2-1d3730dee951

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 10 July 2015
                : 03 September 2015
                : 24 September 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 05
                Categories
                Short Communication

                fatty liver,insulin resistance,diabetes mellitus,bariatric surgery,obesity

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