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      Crecimiento de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tratadas con humato de vermicompost Translated title: Growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) treated with vermicompost humate

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          Abstract

          Resumen El humato de vermicompost es un estimulante que mejora la calidad y productividad de los cultivos y permite eliminar total o parcialmente los fertilizantes químicos contribuyendo a la agricultura orgánica, ecológica y sustentable. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de humato de vermicompost (1/10, 1/20, 1/30 v/v y un control -agua destilada-) en el crecimiento de plántulas de Solanum lycopersicum cultivadas en suelos afectados por salinidad. El experimento se realizó utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento de 40 plántulas cada una. A los 24 días después del trasplante, se midió altura de plántulas, diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, peso fresco y seco de parte aérea y de raíz. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos y todas las variables mostraron valores superiores en la dilución de 1/30 (v/v), seguido de las diluciones 1/20 y 1/10, mostrando valores inferiores en el control. El valor porcentual de incremento en la dilución de 1/30 respecto al control fue de 61, 68, 63, 50, 19, 30, 56 y 27 para altura, diámetro de tallo, longitud de raíz, número de hojas, peso fresco de raíz, peso seco de raíz, peso fresco de parte aérea y peso seco de parte aérea, respectivamente.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The humate of vermicompost is a stimulant that improves the quality and productivity of crops and allows the total or partial elimination of chemical fertilizers, contributing to organic, ecological and sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of vermicompost humates (1/10, 1/20, 1/30 v/v and a control-distilled water-) on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum seedlings grown on affected soils by salinity. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with four repetitions per treatment of 40 seedlings each. At 24 days after transplantation, height of seedlings, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of aerial part and root were measured. The results showed significant differences between treatments and all the variables showed higher values in the dilution of 1/30 (v/v), followed by the dilutions 1/20 and 1/10, showing lower values in the control. The percentage value of increase in the dilution of 1/30 with respect to the control was 61, 68, 63, 50, 19, 30, 56 and 27 for height, stem diameter, root length, number of leaves, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, fresh weight of aerial part and dry weight of aerial part, respectively.

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          Most cited references37

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          Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in maize roots.

          Earthworms (Eisenia foetida) produce humic substances that can influence plant growth by mechanisms that are not yet clear. In this work, we investigated the effects of humic acids (HAs) isolated from cattle manure earthworm compost on the earliest stages of lateral root development and on the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity. These HAs enhance the root growth of maize (Zea mays) seedlings in conjunction with a marked proliferation of sites of lateral root emergence. They also stimulate the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity, apparently associated with an ability to promote expression of this enzyme. In addition, structural analysis reveals the presence of exchangeable auxin groups in the macrostructure of the earthworm compost HA. These results may shed light on the hormonal activity that has been postulated for these humic substances.
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            Effect of low molecular size humic substances on nitrate uptake and expression of genes involved in nitrate transport in maize (Zea mays L.).

            In this study, a detailed characterization of earthworm low molecular size humic substances (LMS) was performed and these substances were used to study their effect on the nitrate influx in roots, tissue nitrate content, and expression of maize genes putatively involved in nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays L.). The results show that the humic fraction with low molecular size used in this study is endowed with the characteristic structural network described for most humic substances so far isolated and confirm the presence of IAA in this fraction. The results also show that the LMS fraction of humic substances stimulates the uptake of nitrate by roots and the accumulation of the anion at the leaf level. Moreover, the analysis of the expression of genes encoding two putative maize nitrate transporters (ZmNrt2.1 and ZmNrt1.1) and of two maize H(+)-ATPase isoforms (Mha1 and Mha2) show that these substances may exert direct effects on gene transcription in roots, as shown for the Mha2 gene, and long-distance effects in shoots, as observed for the ZmNrt2.1 gene.
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              A major isoform of the maize plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: characterization and induction by auxin in coleoptiles.

              The plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase has been proposed to play important transport and regulatory roles in plant physiology, including its participation in auxin-induced acidification in coleoptile segments. This enzyme is encoded by a family of genes differing in tissue distribution, regulation, and expression level. A major expressed isoform of the maize PM H(+)-ATPase (MHA2) has been characterized. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that MHA2 is expressed in all maize organs, with highest levels being in the roots. In situ hybridization of sections from maize seedlings indicated enriched expression of MHA2 in stomatal guard cells, phloem cells, and root epidermal cells. MHA2 mRNA was induced threefold when nonvascular parts of the coleoptile segments were treated with auxin. This induction correlates with auxin-triggered proton extrusion by the same part of the segments. The PM H(+)-ATPase in the vascular bundies does not contribute significantly to auxin-induced acidification, is not regulated by auxin, and masks the auxin effect in extracts of whole coleoptile segments. We conclude that auxin-induced acidification in coleoptile segments most often occurs in the nonvascular tissue and is mediated, at least in part, by increased levels of MHA2.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                remexca
                Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas
                Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-0934
                May 2018
                : 9
                : spe20
                : 4187-4197
                Affiliations
                [1] Xalapa orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Mexico
                [5] Hermosillo orgnameUniversidad de Sonora Mexico
                [3] La Maná Cotopaxi orgnameUniversidad Técnica de Cotopaxi Ecuador
                [4] La Paz orgnameCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste Mexico
                [2] Quevedo Los Ríos orgnameUniversidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Ecuador
                [6] Granma Granma orgnameUniversidad de Granma Cuba
                Article
                S2007-09342018000804187
                10.29312/remexca.v0i20.989
                20073ce4-da67-4508-8816-158d92a9b602

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : November 2017
                : January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

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                Artículos

                height,fresh weight,dry weight,salinity,altura,peso fresco,peso seco,salinidad

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