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      Quantitative assessment of soil condition, basic environmental factors and productivity of Linum usitatissimum in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan using the remote sensing method Translated title: Avaliação quantitativa da condição do solo, fatores ambientais básicos e produtividade de Linum usitatissimum na zona de estepe do Cazaquistão, a partir do método de sensoriamento remoto

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          Abstract

          Abstract The influence of environmental factors, such as lack of water and uneven rainfall, depletion of nutrients in the soil and reduced soil fertility, planting patterns and plant density, uneven growth stages, are the main limiting factors that hinder the growth of agricultural production in arid regions. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of Sentinel-2 to quantify soil conditions, which can improve the understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics in organic agriculture in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan and improve productivity management of Linum usitatissimum. In the course of the research, the influence of individual factors of the general environmental impact, such as the influence of humidity, meteorological conditions, the content of individual nutrient components of the soil on the yield, was studied. The meteorological conditions in this region in 2021 and the data of agrochemical analysis of the soil on which the oilseed crop was grown were evaluated. Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to determine the NDVI and GNDVI indices. A high content of nitrate nitrogen (12.3-16.2 mg/kg), a very low level of available phosphorus (3-10 mg/kg), and a high content of potassium (289-420 mg/kg) were found in the soil. A low content of humus (2.68-3.31%) and sulfur (1.1-4.9 mg/kg) was found. A study of the NDVI growth index showed that the highest value was reached by the period of July 20, 2021. After this period, a decrease in the vegetation index was observed. In conditions of severe drought, this change occurred earlier than under favorable conditions, and correlated with low flax yield (1.6-6.9 c/ha). This study demonstrates the potential of Sentinel-2 for quantifying soil conditions, which not only improves our understanding of spatial-temporal dynamics and environmental components in organic agriculture in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan, but also improves the management of Linum usitatissimum productivity.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo A influência de fatores ambientais como: falta de água, chuvas irregulares, depleção de nutrientes no solo, redução da fertilidade do solo, padrões de plantio, densidade de plantas, estágios de crescimento irregulares são os principais fatores limitantes que dificultam o crescimento da produção agrícola em regiões áridas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial do Sentinel-2 para quantificar as condições do solo, o que pode melhorar a compreensão da dinâmica espaço-temporal na agricultura orgânica na zona de estepe do Cazaquistão e aprimorar o manejo da produtividade de Linum usitatissimum. No decorrer da pesquisa, a influência de fatores individuais do impacto ambiental geral - tais como a influência da umidade, das condições meteorológicas, do teor de componentes nutrientes individuais do solo no rendimento - foi analisada. As condições meteorológicas nessa região em 2021 foram avaliadas e os dados de análise agroquímica do solo em que a oleaginosa foi cultivada. Imagens de satélite Sentinel-2 foram utilizadas para determinar os índices NDVI e GNDVI. Um alto teor de nitrogênio nitrato (12,3-16,2 mg/kg), um nível muito baixo de fósforo disponível (3-10 mg/kg) e um alto teor de potássio (289-420 mg/kg) foram encontrados no solo. Foi encontrado baixo teor de húmus (2,68-3,31%) e enxofre (1,1-4,9 mg/kg). Um estudo do Índice de crescimento do NDVI mostrou que o maior valor foi alcançado no período de 20 de julho de 2021. Após esse período, observou-se diminuição do Índice de vegetação. Em condições de seca severa, essa mudança ocorreu mais cedo do que em condições favoráveis, e correlacionou-se com a baixa produção de linho (1,6-6,9 c/ha). Nesse sentido, este estudo demonstra o potencial do Sentinel-2 para quantificar as condições do solo, o que não apenas melhora nossa compreensão da dinâmica espaço-temporal e dos componentes ambientais na agricultura orgânica na zona de estepe do Cazaquistão, mas também melhora o manejo da produtividade do Linum usitatissimum.

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          Most cited references50

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          Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation? Biological and Economical Points of View

          Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oil seed crop that is mostly cultivated in temperate climates. In addition to many commercial applications, flax is also used as a fibrous species or for livestock feed (animal fodder). For the last 40 years, flax has been used as a phytoremediation tool for the remediation of different heavy metals, particularly for phytoextraction when cultivated on metal contaminated soils. Among different fibrous crops (hemp, jute, ramie, and kenaf), flax represents the most economically important species and the majority of studies on metal contaminated soil for the phytoextraction of heavy metals have been conducted using flax. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed for a better understanding of the phytoremediation potential of flax when grown in metal contaminated soil. This review describes the existing studies related to the phytoremediation potential of flax in different mediums such as soil and water. After phytoremediation, flax has the potential to be used for additional purposes such as linseed oil, fiber, and important livestock feed. This review also describes the phytoremediation potential of flax when grown in metal contaminated soil. Furthermore, techniques and methods to increase plant growth and biomass are also discussed in this work. However, future research is needed for a better understanding of the physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, and molecular biology of flax for increasing its pollutant removal efficiency.
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            Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses from intensively managed paddy fields with straw retention

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              Prediction of soil organic carbon and the C:N ratio on a national scale using machine learning and satellite data: A comparison between Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3 and Landsat-8 images

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )
                1519-6984
                1678-4375
                2023
                : 83
                : e277283
                Affiliations
                [07] Astana orgnameJSC “S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University” Kazakhstan
                [02] Zarechnoye Kostanay Region orgnameAgricultural Experimental station “Zarechnoye” Kazakhstan
                [01] Kostanay orgnameA. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University Kazakhstan
                [06] Moscow orgnameRussian Academy of Sciences orgdiv1Research Center of Biotechnology Russia
                [05] Moscow orgnameLomonosov Moscow State University orgdiv1Faculty of Soil Science
                [04] Kinelsky Samara Region orgnameSamara State Agrarian University Russia
                [03] Omsk orgnameP.A. Stolypin Omsk State Agrarian University Russia
                Article
                S1519-69842023000101004 S1519-6984(23)08300001004
                10.1590/1519-6984.277283
                1fb36727-af3a-4293-8ec5-4c36681c04aa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 October 2023
                : 03 August 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                steppe zone,organic agriculture,avaliação ecológica básica,índice de vegetação,linho oleaginoso,zona estepária,agricultura orgânica,basic ecological assessment,vegetation index,oilseed flax

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