Stepwise Hollow Prussian Blue Nanoframes/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film as Ultrahigh Rate Sodium Ion Cathode

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Abstract

Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) have been proposed as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to high theoretical capacity and low cost, but they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity and structural instability. Herein, a stepwise hollow cubic framework structure is first designed and a hybridized hierarchical film synthesized from single‐crystal PBA nanoframes/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite is demonstrated as a binder‐free ultrahigh rate sodium ion cathode. This hierarchical configuration offers improved tolerance for lattice expansion, reduced sodium ion diffusion path, enhanced electronic conductivity, and optimized redox reactions, thereby achieving the excellent rate capability, high specific capacity, and long cycle life. As expected, the developed FeHCFe nanoframes/CNTs electrode film exhibits a super high rate capacity of 149.2 mAh g ⁻¹ at 0.1C and 35.0 mAh g ⁻¹ at 100C. Moreover, it displays an excellent cycling stability with about 92% capacity retention at 5C after 500 cycles. This work will pave a new way to engineer advanced electrode materials for ultrahigh rate SIBs.

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Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage.

D Larcher, J.-M. Tarascon (2015)

Ever-growing energy needs and depleting fossil-fuel resources demand the pursuit of sustainable energy alternatives, including both renewable energy sources and sustainable storage technologies. It is therefore essential to incorporate material abundance, eco-efficient synthetic processes and life-cycle analysis into the design of new electrochemical storage systems. At present, a few existing technologies address these issues, but in each case, fundamental and technological hurdles remain to be overcome. Here we provide an overview of the current state of energy storage from a sustainability perspective. We introduce the notion of sustainability through discussion of the energy and environmental costs of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, considering elemental abundance, toxicity, synthetic methods and scalability. With the same themes in mind, we also highlight current and future electrochemical storage systems beyond lithium-ion batteries. The complexity and importance of recycling battery materials is also discussed.

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The emerging chemistry of sodium ion batteries for electrochemical energy storage.

Dipan Kundu, Elahe Talaie, Victor Duffort … (2015)

Energy storage technology has received significant attention for portable electronic devices, electric vehicle propulsion, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and load leveling of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Lithium ion batteries have dominated most of the first two applications. For the last two cases, however, moving beyond lithium batteries to the element that lies below-sodium-is a sensible step that offers sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This requires an evaluation of the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, their electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of ion mobility based on computational methods. The Review considers some of the current scientific issues underpinning sodium ion batteries.