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      Exploration of the link between gut microbiota and purinergic signalling

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          Abstract

          Growing evidence reveals that microorganisms in the gut are linked to metabolic health and disease risk in human beings to a considerable extent. The focus of research at this stage must tend to focus on cause-and-effect studies. In addition to being a component of DNA and RNA, purine metabolites can be involved in purine signalling in the body as chemical messengers. Abnormalities in purinergic signalling may lead to neuropathy, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, tumors, and a wide range of other diseases. It has proved that gut microbes are involved in purinergic signalling. The relationship between these gut-derived purinergic signalling molecules and host metabolism may be one of the important clues to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota affects host metabolism.

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          Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors

          Bo Qu, Gladys Ferrere, Céline Clemenson … (2018)
          Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis induce sustained clinical responses in a sizeable minority of cancer patients. Here, we show that primary resistance to ICI can be due to abnormal gut microbiome composition. Antibiotics (ATB) inhibited the clinical benefit of ICI in patients with advanced cancer. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from cancer patients who responded to ICI (but not from non-responding patients) into germ-free or ATB-treated mice ameliorated the antitumor effects of PD-1 blockade. Metagenomics of patient stools at diagnosis revealed correlations between clinical responses to ICI and the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Oral supplementation with A. muciniphila post-FMT with non-responder feces restored the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in an IL-12-dependent manner, by increasing the recruitment of CCR9+CXCR3+CD4+ T lymphocytes into tumor beds.
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            Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

            Yong Fan, Oluf Pedersen (2020)
            Observational findings achieved during the past two decades suggest that the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the metabolic health of the human host and, when aberrant, to the pathogenesis of various common metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic liver disease, cardio-metabolic diseases and malnutrition. However, to gain a mechanistic understanding of how the gut microbiota affects host metabolism, research is moving from descriptive microbiota census analyses to cause-and-effect studies. Joint analyses of high-throughput human multi-omics data, including metagenomics and metabolomics data, together with measures of host physiology and mechanistic experiments in humans, animals and cells hold potential as initial steps in the identification of potential molecular mechanisms behind reported associations. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on how gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds may link to metabolism of the healthy host or to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases. We highlight examples of microbiota-targeted interventions aiming to optimize metabolic health, and we provide perspectives for future basic and translational investigations within the nascent and promising research field.
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              The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease.

              Elizabeth G Phimister, Susan V Lynch, Oluf Pedersen (2016)
              Article 0 comments Cited 923 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                MingJian Li:
                Bio :
                MingJian Li

                is a MSc candidate at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, focusing on research of Microbiome and Natural Medicine application.

                Ping Leng: 596353806@qq.com
                Yong Huang: huangyong@cdutcm.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Purinergic Signal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Purinergic Signal
                Title: Purinergic Signalling
                Publisher: Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                ISSN (Print): 1573-9538
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-9546
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 September 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 September 2022
                Publication date (Print): March 2023
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 315-327
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411304.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0376 205X, College of Medical Technology, , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Chengdu, 611137 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.411304.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0376 205X, School of Pharmacy, , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Chengdu, 611137 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.411304.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0376 205X, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Chengdu, 611137 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 9891
                DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09891-1
                PMC ID: 9984663
                PubMed ID: 36121551
                SO-VID: 1f89f974-8839-4e86-b3ef-3285782b79d7
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 5 November 2021
                Date accepted : 25 July 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Nature B.V. 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: purinergic signalling,gastrointestinal microbiome,inosine,p2x receptors,a2a receptors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: purinergic signalling, gastrointestinal microbiome, inosine, p2x receptors, a2a receptors

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