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      Configuración histórica de la discapacidad visual y sus implicaciones para la salud pública Translated title: Historical configuration of visual impairment and the implications for public health

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          Abstract

          Resumen Las personas con discapacidad, han sido objeto de diferentes miradas que dan cuenta de la manera como históricamente han sido significadas y ubicadas en la realidad social. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer una reflexión con relación a la configuración del constructo de discapacidad visual al interior de los modelos teóricos sobre el tema y las implicaciones que han tenido en la manera como se interviene desde la salud pública. El modelo de la diversidad funcional, así como la interseccionalidad se constituyen en elementos clave que deben ser incluidos en la reflexión del quehacer en la salud pública alternativa, pues permiten hacer un ejercicio comprensivo de la realidad de las personas con diversidad funcional visual, y tener herramientas para superar las discriminaciones y establecer las condiciones para la garantía de sus derechos humanos, aspectos fundamentales desde la mirada política y técnica de la salud pública.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract People with disabilities have been subjected to different looks, which account for how historically they have been significant and placed in social reality. This work aims to reflect on the configuration of the visual disability construct within the theoretical models on the subject and the implications that have had on the way in which it is intervened from public health. The model of functional diversity as well as intersectionality are key elements that must be included in the reflection of the work in alternative public health, as they allow to make a comprehensive exercise of the reality of people with functional diversity and having tools to overcome discrimination and establish the conditions for the guarantee of their human rights, fundamental aspects from the political and technical perspective of public health.

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          La interseccionalidad: una aproximación situada a la dominación

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            El modelo social de la discapacidad: una cuestión de derechos humanos

            El modelo social de la discapacidad se presenta como nuevo paradigma del tratamiento actual de la discapacidad, con un desarrollo teórico y normativo; considera que las causas que originan la discapacidad no son religiosas, ni científicas, sino que son, en gran medida, sociales. Desde esta nueva perspectiva, se pone énfasis en que las personas con discapacidad pueden contribuir a la sociedad en iguales circunstancias que las demás, pero siempre desde la valoración a la inclusión y el respeto a lo diverso. Este modelo se relaciona con los valores esenciales que fundamentan los derechos humanos, como la dignidad humana, la libertad personal y la igualdad, que propician la disminución de barreras y dan lugar a la inclusión social, que pone en la base principios como autonomía personal, no discriminación, accesibilidad universal, normalización del entorno, diálogo civil, entro otros. La premisa es que la discapacidad es una construcción social, no una deficiencia que crea la misma sociedad que limita e impide que las personas con discapacidad se incluyan, decidan o diseñen con autonomía su propio plan de vida en igualdad de oportunidades.
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              A global survey of low vision service provision.

              To conduct a global survey of low vision services to describe the needs, priorities, and barriers in provision and coverage. Data were mainly derived from a survey and from some secondary sources. The survey was distributed to Vision 2020 contacts, government, and non-government organizations (NGOs) in 195 countries during 2006-2008. Themes in the survey were: epidemiology of low vision, policies on low vision, provision of services, human resources, barriers to service delivery, equipment availability, and monitoring and evaluation of service outcomes. Contradictory and/or incomplete data were returned for further clarification and verification. The Human Poverty Index was used to compare the findings from developed and developing countries. Service availability was established for 178/195 countries, with 115 having some low vision service. Approximately half the countries in the African and Western Pacific regions have no services. Few countries have >10 low vision health professionals per 10 million of population. In many of the countries NGOs were the main providers and funders. Funding and awareness were frequently cited as barriers to service access. Women, people with disabilities, and rural dwellers were less likely to access services. There were few reports of monitoring and evaluation into the quality and impact of services. This global survey provides the first consolidated baseline of low vision service provision. Where data are available, coverage of services is generally poor. Low vision health professional numbers are low. Services in over half of the world's countries are funded by NGOs, raising issues of sustainability.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                suis
                Revista de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Salud
                Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander. Salud
                Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia )
                0121-0807
                September 2019
                : 51
                : 3
                : 252-261
                Affiliations
                [2] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia Colombia
                [3] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad Industrial de Santander Colombia
                [1] Medellin Antioquía orgnameUniversidad CES Colombia
                Article
                S0121-08072019000300252
                10.18273/revsal.v51n3-2019008
                1f534467-d682-4f14-95ca-f4cca42bd78e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 February 2019
                : 17 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Revisión de tema

                Personas con discapacidad,baja visión,salud pública,People with disabilities,low vision,public health

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