Impact of COVID-19 spread on visit intervals and clinical parameters for patients with periodontitis in supportive periodontal therapy: a retrospective study

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Abstract

Purpose

This study investigated the relationship between the number of days that hospital visits were postponed and changes in clinical parameters due to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), after the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in April 2020.

Methods

Regarding the status of postponement of appointments, we analyzed the patients who had visited the Nihon University Hospital at Matsudo for more than 1 year for supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and classified them into low-, moderate- and high-risk subgroups according to the periodontal risk assessment (PRA). Clinical parameters for periodontal disease such as probing depth (PD), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full-mouth plaque score, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) were analyzed in 2 periods, from October 2019 to March 2020 and after April 2020. Correlation coefficients between days of deferral and the degree of changes in clinical parameters were calculated.

Results

The mean age of the 749 patients was 67.56±10.85 years, and 63.82% were female. Out of 749 patients, 33.24% deferred their SPT appointments after April 2020. The average total of postponement days was 109.49±88.84. The number of postponement days was positively correlated with changes in average PD (rs=0.474) and PESA (rs=0.443) in the high-risk subgroup of FMBS, and average PD (rs=0.293) and PESA (rs=0.253) in the high-risk subgroup of tooth number (TN). Patients belonging to the high-risk subgroups for both FMBS and TN had a positive correlation between postponement days and PISA (rs=0.56).

Conclusions

The findings, the spread of COVID-19 appears to have extended the visit interval for some SPT patients. Moreover, longer visit intervals were correlated with the worsening of some clinical parameters for SPT patients with high PRA.

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Most cited references 31

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Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR' for medical statistics

Y Kanda (2012)

Although there are many commercially available statistical software packages, only a few implement a competing risk analysis or a proportional hazards regression model with time-dependent covariates, which are necessary in studies on hematopoietic SCT. In addition, most packages are not clinician friendly, as they require that commands be written based on statistical languages. This report describes the statistical software ‘EZR' (Easy R), which is based on R and R commander. EZR enables the application of statistical functions that are frequently used in clinical studies, such as survival analyses, including competing risk analyses and the use of time-dependent covariates, receiver operating characteristics analyses, meta-analyses, sample size calculation and so on, by point-and-click access. EZR is freely available on our website (http://www.jichi.ac.jp/saitama-sct/SaitamaHP.files/statmed.html) and runs on both Windows (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and Mac OS X (Apple, USA). This report provides instructions for the installation and operation of EZR.

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Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice

Xian Peng, Xin Xu, Yuqing Li … (2020)

A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of whole-genome identity to BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal–oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine

L Meng, F. Hua, Z. Bian (2020)

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also countries around the world. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. As of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries, with a total of 80,239 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2,700 deaths. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the epidemic situation. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners. For dental practices and hospitals in areas that are (potentially) affected with COVID-19, strict and effective infection control protocols are urgently needed. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, introduces essential knowledge about COVID-19 and nosocomial infection in dental settings and provides recommended management protocols for dental practitioners and students in (potentially) affected areas.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JPIS

Title: Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science

Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology

ISSN (Print): 2093-2278

ISSN (Electronic): 2093-2286

Publication date Collection: April 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 28 June 2023

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Pages: 75-84

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.

[2 ]Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.

Author notes

Correspondence: Yorimasa Ogata. Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2 Chome-870-1 Sakaechonishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan. ogata.yorimasa@ 123456nihon-u.ac.jp , Tel & Fax: +81-47-360-9362

Author information

Mizuho Yamazaki-Takai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-394X

Yumi Saito https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-4458

Shoichi Ito https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-234X

Moe Ogihara-Takeda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6596-7787

Tsuyoshi Katsumata https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-6709

Ryo Kobayashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6101-150X

Shuta Nakagawa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-0643

Tomoko Nishino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-0080

Namiko Fukuoka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-6890

Kota Hosono https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-0211

Mai Yamasaki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-8873

Yosuke Yamazaki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-3368

Yuto Tsuruya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-4698

Arisa Yamaguchi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-4494

Yorimasa Ogata https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-844X

Article

DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2300620031

PMC ID: 11065538

PubMed ID: 37524383

SO-VID: 1ecd83ee-844b-4759-b1cd-baced16909db

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

History

Date received : 18 January 2023

Date revision received : 08 April 2023

Date accepted : 30 April 2023

Funding

Funded by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001691;

Award ID: 17K11994

Award ID: 20K09945

Funded by: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up and Early-Career Scientists

Award ID: 19K21385

Award ID: 21K16976

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Impact of COVID-19 spread on visit intervals and clinical parameters for patients with periodontitis in supportive periodontal therapy: a retrospective study

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Graphical Abstract

Related collections

Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 31

Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR' for medical statistics

Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine

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