7
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Characterization of Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma fermentans immunodominant proteins Translated title: Caracterização de proteinas imunodominantes de Mycoplasma penetrans e Mycoplasma fermentans

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Mycoplasmas are a heterogeneous group of the smallest organisms capable of self replication and are known to cause many detrimental diseases in both animals and humans. These wall-less prokaryotes are enveloped by a lipoprotein membrane and their small genomes are sufficient to synthesize molecules required for growth and self-replication. Among sixteen species isolated from humans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, an agent of primary atypical pneumonia, and the urogenital tract species Mycoplasma hominis,Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum have been confirmed to be pathogenic. Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma fermentans, which are species associated with HIV, have been investigated mainly in research laboratories. In this study we have characterized lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMP) of Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma fermentans, in view of the importance of mycoplasmas in human diseases and the peculiar antigenic variation observed in these species. To characterize proteins with possible diagnostic value, we used ELISA and Western blot in sera of pregnant women whose cervical samples were positive for these species of mycoplasmas when tested by PCR. ELISA showed IgG anti-LAMP-M. fermentans antibodies to be present in 57.5% of cases and IgM antibodies to be present in 74.5% of cases. The three samples that were PCR positive for M. penetrans showed IgG anti-LAMP-M. penetrans antibodies, and one sample was positive for IgM. No IgA antibodies against either species were detected in any of the samples. LAMP analysis by Western blot revealed the 35, 38, 42, 61 and 103 kDa proteins of M. penetrans and the 29, 38, 41, 61, 78 and 95 kDa proteins of M. fermentans. Among these, will be considered p35 to M. penetrans and 29 kDa protein to M. fermentans, the main immunoreactive proteins and therefore useful markers for further laboratory diagnosis.

          Translated abstract

          Micoplasmas são procariotos diminutos, desprovidos de parede celular e envoltos por uma membrana lipoproteica cujo pequeno genoma sintetiza a maioria das moléculas necessárias para crescimento e replicação. Dentre as dezesseis espécies isoladas do homem, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, agente causador da pneumonia atípica primária, e as espécies do trato urogenital como Mycoplasma hominis,Ureaplasma urealyticum e Ureaplasma parvum têm definido seu papel patogênico. M. penetrans e M. fermentans, espécies associadas ao HIV, têm sido investigadas principalmente em laboratórios de pesquisa. Considerando a importância dos micoplasmas nas doenças humanas e a peculiar variação antigênica observada em tais espécies, foram caracterizadas, neste estudo, as lipoproteínas associadas a membranas (LAMP) de Mycoplasma penetrans e Mycoplasma fermentans. Para definir peptídeos com possível valor diagnóstico, empregamos as técnicas de ELISA e de Western blot usando soros de gestantes cujas amostras cervicais foram positivas por PCR. Por meio do ELISA foram observados anticorpos IgG anti-LAMP-M. fermentans em 57,5% e IgM em 74,5% das amostras. As três amostras PCR positivas para M. penetrans apresentaram anticorpos IgG anti-LAMP-M. penetrans e uma amostra positiva para IgM. IgA não foi detectada em nenhuma das espécies. A análise da LAMP, por Western blot, revelou como principais proteinas imunoreativas: 35, 38, 42, 61 and 103 kDa para M. penetrans e 29, 38, 41, 61, 78 and 95 kDa de M. fermentans. Dentre estas podemos considerar p35 específica para M. penetrans e p29, M. fermentans.Tais proteinas são promissoras como marcadores em diagnóstico.

          Related collections

          Most cited references28

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas

              The recent sequencing of the entire genomes of Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae has attracted considerable attention to the molecular biology of mycoplasmas, the smallest self-replicating organisms. It appears that we are now much closer to the goal of defining, in molecular terms, the entire machinery of a self-replicating cell. Comparative genomics based on comparison of the genomic makeup of mycoplasmal genomes with those of other bacteria, has opened new ways of looking at the evolutionary history of the mycoplasmas. There is now solid genetic support for the hypothesis that mycoplasmas have evolved as a branch of gram-positive bacteria by a process of reductive evolution. During this process, the mycoplasmas lost considerable portions of their ancestors’ chromosomes but retained the genes essential for life. Thus, the mycoplasmal genomes carry a high percentage of conserved genes, greatly facilitating gene annotation. The significant genome compaction that occurred in mycoplasmas was made possible by adopting a parasitic mode of life. The supply of nutrients from their hosts apparently enabled mycoplasmas to lose, during evolution, the genes for many assimilative processes. During their evolution and adaptation to a parasitic mode of life, the mycoplasmas have developed various genetic systems providing a highly plastic set of variable surface proteins to evade the host immune system. The uniqueness of the mycoplasmal systems is manifested by the presence of highly mutable modules combined with an ability to expand the antigenic repertoire by generating structural alternatives, all compressed into limited genomic sequences. In the absence of a cell wall and a periplasmic space, the majority of surface variable antigens in mycoplasmas are lipoproteins. Apart from providing specific antimycoplasmal defense, the host immune system is also involved in the development of pathogenic lesions and exacerbation of mycoplasma induced diseases. Mycoplasmas are able to stimulate as well as suppress lymphocytes in a nonspecific, polyclonal manner, both in vitro and in vivo. As well as to affecting various subsets of lymphocytes, mycoplasmas and mycoplasma-derived cell components modulate the activities of monocytes/macrophages and NK cells and trigger the production of a wide variety of up-regulating and down-regulating cytokines and chemokines. Mycoplasma-mediated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, by macrophages and of up-regulating cytokines by mitogenically stimulated lymphocytes plays a major role in mycoplasma-induced immune system modulation and inflammatory responses.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjm
                Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
                Braz. J. Microbiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1517-8382
                1678-4405
                June 2005
                : 36
                : 2
                : 131-136
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo orgnameFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Departamento de Análises Clínicas Brasil
                Article
                S1517-83822005000200007 S1517-8382(05)03600207
                1ebcbbf4-7fde-4b50-9325-d1917d3382d0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 June 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Medical Microbiology

                LAMP-peptídeos,Western blot,ELISA,LAMP-proteins,Mycoplasma fermentans,Mycoplasma penetrans

                Comments

                Comment on this article