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      ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Aoguangviridae 2023

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          Abstract

          The family Aoguangviridae includes dsDNA viruses that have been associated with marine archaea. Currently, members of this virus family are known through metagenomics. Virions are predicted to consist of an icosahedral capsid and a helical tail, characteristic of members in the class Caudoviricetes. Aoguangviruses have some of the largest genomes among archaeal viruses and possess most of the components of the DNA replication machinery as well as auxiliary functions. The family Aoguangviridae includes the species Aobingvirus yangshanense. Many unclassified relatives of this virus group, referred to as ‘magroviruses’, have been discovered by metagenomics in globally distributed marine samples. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Aoguangviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/aoguangviridae.

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          Environmental Viral Genomes Shed New Light on Virus-Host Interactions in the Ocean

          Yosuke Nishimura, Hiroyasu Watai, Takashi Honda … (2017)
          Viruses are diverse and play significant ecological roles in marine ecosystems. However, our knowledge of genome-level diversity in viruses is biased toward those isolated from few culturable hosts. Here, we determined 1,352 nonredundant complete viral genomes from marine environments. Lifting the uncertainty that clouds short incomplete sequences, whole-genome-wide analysis suggests that these environmental genomes represent hundreds of putative novel viral genera. Predicted hosts include dominant groups of marine bacteria and archaea with no isolated viruses to date. Some of the viral genomes encode many functionally related enzymes, suggesting a strong selection pressure on these marine viruses to control cellular metabolisms by accumulating genes.
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            Diversity, taxonomy, and evolution of archaeal viruses of the class Caudoviricetes

            Ying Liu, Tatiana A. Demina, Simon Roux … (2021)
            The archaeal tailed viruses (arTV), evolutionarily related to tailed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages of the class Caudoviricetes , represent the most common isolates infecting halophilic archaea. Only a handful of these viruses have been genomically characterized, limiting our appreciation of their ecological impacts and evolution. Here, we present 37 new genomes of haloarchaeal tailed virus isolates, more than doubling the current number of sequenced arTVs. Analysis of all 63 available complete genomes of arTVs, which we propose to classify into 14 new families and 3 orders, suggests ancient divergence of archaeal and bacterial tailed viruses and points to an extensive sharing of genes involved in DNA metabolism and counterdefense mechanisms, illuminating common strategies of virus–host interactions with tailed bacteriophages. Coupling of the comparative genomics with the host range analysis on a broad panel of haloarchaeal species uncovered 4 distinct groups of viral tail fiber adhesins controlling the host range expansion. The survey of metagenomes using viral hallmark genes suggests that the global architecture of the arTV community is shaped through recurrent transfers between different biomes, including hypersaline, marine, and anoxic environments. Comparative genomics and host range analysis reveals the remarkable diversity and evolution of tailed archaeal viruses of the order Caudoviricetes, which together with their bacterial relatives arguably represent the most abundant and widespread virus group on our planet.
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              Novel Abundant Oceanic Viruses of Uncultured Marine Group II Euryarchaeota

              Alon Philosof, Natalya Yutin, José Flores‐Uribe … (2017)
              Summary Marine group II Euryarchaeota (MG-II) are among the most abundant microbes in oceanic surface waters [1, 2, 3, 4]. So far, however, representatives of MG-II have not been cultivated, and no viruses infecting these organisms have been described. Here, we present complete genomes for three distinct groups of viruses assembled from metagenomic sequence datasets highly enriched for MG-II. These novel viruses, which we denote magroviruses, possess double-stranded DNA genomes of 65 to 100 kilobases in size that encode a structural module characteristic of head-tailed viruses and, unusually for archaeal and bacterial viruses, a nearly complete replication apparatus of apparent archaeal origin. The newly identified magroviruses are widespread and abundant and therefore are likely to be major ecological agents.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (hwp): jgv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jgv
                Title: The Journal of General Virology
                Publisher: Microbiology Society
                ISSN (Print): 0022-1317
                ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 November 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 November 2023
                Volume: 104
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 001922
                Affiliations
                [ 1​ ] Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit , Paris 75015, France
                [ 2​ ] departmentSorbonne Université , Collège Doctoral , Paris 75005, France
                [ 3​ ] departmentCollege of Food Science and Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai, PR China
                Author notes
                *Correspondence: Mart Krupovic, mart.krupovic@ 123456pasteur.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: 001922
                DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001922
                PMC ID: 10768690
                PubMed ID: 38010130
                SO-VID: 1e296354-afa3-4c10-8c00-417515c4971f
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

                History
                Date received : 02 November 2023
                Date accepted : 13 November 2023
                Categories
                Subject: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles
                Custom metadata
                OpenAccessEmbargo 0

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: ictv report,virus taxonomy,magroviruses,archaeal caudoviricetes ,marine archaea,magrovirales
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: ictv report, virus taxonomy, magroviruses, archaeal caudoviricetes , marine archaea, magrovirales

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