Paediatric Traumatic Endophthalmitis in Western India: A Study of Clinical Presentation, Management and Treatment Outcomes

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Abstract

Introduction: Endophthalmitis is devastating sight threatening condition following open globe injury. Study is to determine the rate of Endophthalmitis and assess risk factors for the development of Endophthalmitis following Open Globe Injury (OGI). Methods: A retrospective review of all children treated for OGI at the Drashti Netralaya from January 2008 to December 2022 was conducted according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main outcome measure was the rate of endophthalmitis, different variables and visual outcome. Result: In this study, 53/1551 (3.42%) eyes had endophthalmitis. Cross tabulation and descriptive analyses identified presenting vision (0.012), corneal condition (0.009), vitreous opacities (0.000) and age group (0.003) as high-risk factors of developing endophthalmitis. Type of interventions and subconjunctival antibiotic injection at the time of globe closure (0.011) was associated with decreased risk of developing endophthalmitis. Conclusion: Careful aggressive management according clinical findings a stastically significant impact on the visual outcome even in pediatric age group.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Five Herbal Extracts Against Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Strains of Bacteria and Fungus of Clinical Origin

Rosina Khan, Barira Islam, Mohd Akram … (2009)

Antimicrobial activities of the crude ethanolic extracts of five plants were screened against multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. ATCC strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus bovis, Pseudimonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans were also tested. The strains that showed resistance against the maximum number of antibiotics tested were selected for an antibacterial assay. The MDR strains were sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of Acacia nilotica, Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamum zeylanicum, whereas they exhibited strong resistance to the extracts of Terminalia arjuna and Eucalyptus globulus. Community-acquired infections showed higher sensitivity than the nosocomial infections against these extracts. The most potent antimicrobial plant was A. nilotica (MIC range 9.75-313µg/ml), whereas other crude plant extracts studied in this report were found to exhibit higher MIC values than A. nilotica against community acquired as well as nosocomial infection. This study concludes that A. nilotica, C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum can be used against multidrug resistant microbes causing nosocomial and community acquired infections.

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Post-traumatic endophthalmitis.

Jonathan Allen, Meng Qing Yi, P Charles … (2004)

To establish risk factors for the occurrence of post-traumatic endophthalmitis, to observe the efficacy of prophylaxis, and to describe the clinical features of post-traumatic endophthalmitis. Partially prospective consecutive case-control study. A total of 250 consecutive patients admitted to a single ophthalmic hospital with open globe injuries during a 3-year period were included. Patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis were identified prospectively and added to an endophthalmitis database. All open globe injuries during the same time period were identified through a retrospective search of inpatient admissions, and their charts were reviewed. Information collected from all patient files included patient age; gender; injury setting (indoor/outdoor); wound contamination; nature of injury (site on eye, lens involvement, retained intraocular foreign body); mechanism of injury (penetration/perforation/rupture/ruptured surgical wound); prophylactic antibiotic administration, including route and timing; timing of primary repair; lensectomy at the time of primary repair; and depot corticosteroid at the time of primary repair. Any association between these parameters and the subsequent development of endophthalmitis was investigated. Any association between endophthalmitis and final visual acuity (VA) and also enucleation was evaluated. Development of endophthalmitis. The frequency of endophthalmitis after open globe injury was 6.8%. The following factors were associated with the subsequent development of endophthalmitis by univariate analysis: dirty wound (14.3% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.01), retained intraocular foreign body (13.0% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.02), lens capsule breach (12.8% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.01), delayed primary repair (> or =12 hours) (11.3% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.02), and rural address (10.1% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.07). Risk factors identified after multivariate analysis were dirty injury (odds ratio [OR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI)], 1.5-18.7), breach of lens capsule (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.2-15.6), and delay in primary repair (per hour: OR, 1.013; 95% CI, 1.002-1.024). None of the following factors was found to be associated with post-traumatic endophthalmitis: patient age, gender, injury setting, site of injury on eye, mechanism of injury, antibiotic administration, lensectomy at the time of primary repair, and depot corticosteroid at the time of primary repair. Final VA tended to be worse in eyes with endophthalmitis (P = 0.08). Endophthalmitis did not significantly influence the frequency of enucleation/evisceration (5.9% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.55). Delay in primary repair, ruptured lens capsule, and dirty wound were each independently associated with the development of post-traumatic endophthalmitis. Patients with > or =2 of these 3 risk factors had a particularly high frequency of infection.

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A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982–1993

Jeffrey B Harborne, Renée Grayer (1994)

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Title: Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research

Abbreviated Title: JOAR

Publisher: Athenaeum Scientific Publishers

Publication date (Electronic): March 20 2025

Pages: 1-8

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DOI: 10.46889/JOAR.2025.6106

SO-VID: 1e16d195-0cb6-4604-8d23-7a99b622180d

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Paediatric Traumatic Endophthalmitis in Western India: A Study of Clinical Presentation, Management and Treatment Outcomes

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Most cited references 38

Antimicrobial Activity of Five Herbal Extracts Against Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Strains of Bacteria and Fungus of Clinical Origin

Post-traumatic endophthalmitis.

A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982–1993

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