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      ¿Es posible comparar el empleo informal en los países de América del Sur?: análisis de su definición, clasificación y medición Translated title: Can informal employment be compared in South America?: analysis of its definition, measurement and classification

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Caracterizar y analizar la situación del empleo informal respecto a su definición, medición y clasificación, en los países de América del Sur. Métodos: A través de una scoping review se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a partir de cuatro bases de datos y de literatura gris, considerando informes de organismos internacionales de los 12 países de América del Sur. Se analizó la información, valorando su contenido y se establecieron similitudes entre países. Resultados: A partir de los datos revisados se observa una disparidad en las definiciones utilizadas, aunque en muchos países el empleo informal se define al menos como trabajadores sin contrato. La mayoría de los países miden el empleo informal con encuestas de hogar, pero al existir clasificaciones diferentes la información encontrada es heterogénea, con registros poco estandarizados, por lo que no es posible efectuar una comparación regional. La definición de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo no es suficiente para analizar el contexto estudiado. Debe incorporarse a la definición de empleo informal la categorización de personas protegidas y desprotegidas. Conclusiones: Una definición precisa y adecuada de empleo informal permitirá contemplar los matices que incluye el concepto, lo que hará posible visibilizar las carencias que afrontan la mayoría de los trabajadores informales. La necesidad de incorporar indicadores comunes entre los sistemas de información es un aspecto clave para efectuar comparaciones válidas entre países, así como para determinar el impacto sobre la salud pública que sufre la población empleada informalmente.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To characterize and analyze the situation of informal employment with regard to its definition, measurement and classification in South American countries. Methods: A literature review was conducted from four databases and grey literature through a scoping review, which included reports from international organizations and from the 12 countries in South America. The data were analyzed by evaluating content and establishing similarities among countries. Results: The data reviewed showed a disparity in the definitions used, although many countries define informal employment as workers with no contract. Most countries measured informal employment through household surveys, but due to the differences in classifications, the information found was heterogeneous, with little standardization among registries. Therefore, the data could not be compared at a regional level. The definition of the International Labour Organization was not useful to study informal employment in the countries studied. The definition should include protected and unprotected workers. Conclusions: An appropriate and specific definition of informal employment would allow nuances to be studied within the concept, revealing the loopholes faced by most of the population working informally. The key to meaningful comparisons within the study region is to incorporate common indicators among local registration systems (measurement) in order to determine the public health impact in the informally employed population.

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          Most cited references79

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          Informal jobs: another occupational hazard for women's mental health?

          The hypothesis that informal jobs, which imply absence of formal labour contracts, instability and the absence of fringe benefits, are positively associated with psychiatric symptoms was evaluated in a poor urban area of Brazil. With data from a cross-sectional study, the association between informal jobs and high number of psychological symptoms was estimated. The study population was composed of 327 women randomly selected from a community in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Women who reported having a job without a formal contract were classified as informal workers. Psychological symptoms were collected through a validated questionnaire, the QMPA. A positive association between informal work and a high number of psychological symptoms was found (crude prevalence ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-2.85). More than 4 hours of housework a day and being a family head were confounders, although adjustment for these variables did not significantly change the results (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.26-3.09). These findings are suggestive that informal work may be a risk for mental symptoms. Reinforcement of universal labour rights coverage and improvement in housework sharing are recommended.
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            Informal Work in Latin America: Competing Perspectives and Recent Debates

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              Work beyond employment: representations of informal economic activities

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                February 2015
                : 29
                : 1
                : 65-71
                Affiliations
                [02] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid orgdiv1Transdisciplinary Research Group on Socioecological Transitions (GinTRANS2) España
                [01] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials orgdiv2Grup de Recerca en Desigualtats en Salut - Employment Conditions Network (GREDS-EMCONET) España
                [03] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Department de Ciències Poltiques i Socials España
                Article
                S0213-91112015000100013
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.07.015
                1e0d1fa1-af83-4e28-a18b-6f1bad007dfb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 July 2014
                : 08 May 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                América del Sur,Empleo,Factores socioeconómicos,Clasificación,Salud pública,South America,Employment,Socioeconomic factors,Classification,Public health

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