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      Electrocochleography for Ménière's disease: is it reliable? ☆☆ Translated title: Eletrococleografia na doença de Ménière: é confiável?

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Endolymphatic hydrops, the histopathological substrate of Ménière's disease, is an almost universal finding in postmortem studies of patients with this disease. The cause of hydrops is still unknown, as is the mechanism by which it causes progressive dysfunction of the sensory organs of inner ear. The fluctuating course of the disease complicates the interpretation of certain tests, such as electrocochleography; thus, for some authors its diagnostic value is questionable.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical applicability of electrocochleography in the diagnosis of hydrops. It is a valuable tool, but still generates conflicting opinions among otolaryngologists.

          Methods

          Systematic review of the literature on electrocochleography in patients diagnosed with endolymphatic hydrops.

          Results

          A total of 34 articles regarding the use of electrocochleography in patients with hydrops, from the year 2000 onwards, were selected. Of these, 15 were excluded from the review as they were not observational studies. Only one cross-sectional study addressing the clinical use of electrocochleography by otolaryngologists was included.

          Conclusion

          Electrocochleography is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of hydrops, as it is a non-invasive, easy to handle procedure, which offers new techniques to increase the sensitivity of the test, and thereby assists otolaryngologists in the management of Ménière's disease.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          A hidropisia endolinfática é o substrato histopatológico e achado quase universal nos estudos post-mortem de pacientes com doença de Ménière. A causa da hidropisia ainda é desconhecida, assim como o mecanismo pelo qual causa disfunção progressiva dos órgãos sensitivos da orelha interna. O curso flutuante da doença dificulta a interpretação de exames como a eletrococleografia, que apresenta, para alguns autores, valor diagnóstico controverso.

          Objetivos

          O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a aplicabilidade clínica da eletrococleografia no diagnóstico da hidropisia endolinfática, sendo uma ferramenta de uso comum e que ainda gera opiniões conflitantes entre os otorrinolaringologistas.

          Método

          Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre eletrococleografia em pacientes com diagnóstico de hidropisia endolinfática.

          Resultados

          Foram selecionados 34 artigos sobre o uso da eletrococleografia em pacientes portadores de hidropisia endolinfática a partir do ano 2000; 15 artigos foram excluídos da revisão por não se tratarem de estudos observacionais, com inclusão de somente um estudo transversal que trata sobre o uso clínico da eletrococleografia entre os otorrinolaringologistas.

          Conclusão

          A eletrococleografia é uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico da hidropisia endolinfática, por ser não invasiva, de fácil mensuração, e por oferecer novas técnicas capazes de aumentar a sensibilidade do exame e auxiliar o otorrinolaringologista no tratamento da Doença de Ménière.

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          Most cited references49

          • Record: found
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          Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapy in Menière's disease. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Foundation, Inc.

          EM Monsell (1995)
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            Are inner or outer hair cells the source of summating potentials recorded from the round window?

            The relative contribution of inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) to the production of the summating potential (SP) is unresolved in the literature. Since OHCs in the base of the cochlea have been reported to produce little dc receptor potential except at very high sound pressure levels [I. J. Russell and P. M. Sellick, J. Physiol (London) 284, 261-290 (1983)], the IHCs appear to be the dominant source of the SP. However, results of intracochlear recordings are conflicting, although deriving from measurements in different turns of the cochlea [e.g., I. J. Russell and P. M. Sellick, J. Physiol. (London) 284, 261-290 (1983) versus P. Dallos and M. A. Cheatham, Sensory Transduction (1992)]. To determine which type of hair cells is the dominant source of the SP recorded at the round window, we used carboplatin to selectively destroy IHCs or a combination of IHCs and OHCs in the chinchilla. Related work, using measurements of distortion product otoacoustic emissions and cochlear potentials to assess the functional status of the OHCs served to validate this animal model [Trautwein et al., Hearing Res. 96(1-2), 71-82 (1996)]. The SP, cochlear microphonic (CM), and compound action potential (CAP) were recorded from the round window, and cochleograms were determined using well-established histological methods. The results were reasonably distinctive among three groups of ears--control (from untreated normal chinchillas), IHC-loss (extensive IHC loss with minor or no loss of OHCs), and IHC-OHC loss (total IHC loss plus extensive loss of OHCs over the basal half of the cochlea). Ears of chinchillas in the IHC loss group had a decrease of over 50% in SP output compared to control ears with the exact reduction depending somewhat upon the stimulus conditions. Ears in the IHC + OHC loss group, nevertheless, showed even further reduction in SP output which was clearly attributable to destruction of OHCs in the cochlear base. It was concluded that, although the IHCs are responsible for a greater contribution of dc-receptor potential to the SP recorded at the round window, a significant contribution is made by the OHCs, as well. The results suggest, specifically, that the round window "sees" SP output roughly in inverse proportion to the IHC:OHC. Lastly, the complexity of SP production, as recorded from the round window, precludes a completely straightforward interpretation of the SP:CAP in clinical ECochG.
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              Visualization of endolymphatic hydrops and correlation with audio-vestibular functional testing in patients with definite Meniere's disease.

              Visulization of endolymphatic hydrops has been reported using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with Meniere's disease. However, the relationship between the endolymphatic hydrops visualized by MRI and audio-vestibular functional tests have not been sufficiently investigated, such as pure tone audiometry (PTA), electrocochleography (EcoG), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                27 August 2014
                Nov-Dec 2014
                27 August 2014
                : 80
                : 6
                : 527-532
                Affiliations
                [0005]Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. fayez@ 123456unb.br
                Article
                S1808-8694(14)00110-4
                10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.08.010
                9442722
                25443316
                1d9b7b46-7599-4d00-8f9f-4c8e61019dc9
                © 2014 Associac¸ão Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

                History
                : 11 November 2013
                : 25 May 2014
                Categories
                REVIEW article

                endolymphatic hydrops,ménière disease,audiometry evoked response,hidropisia endolinfática,doença de ménière,audiometria de resposta evocada

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