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      Remineralization of Eroded Enamel Lesions by Simulated Saliva In Vitro

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          Abstract

          Purpose:

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two simulated saliva (SS) remineralization solutions comprising different calcium-inorganic phosphate (Ca/P i) ratios on eroded enamel.

          Methods:

          3 mm diameter enamel cores were extracted from bovine teeth, mounted in acrylic rods, ground and polished,and initially demineralized with either 0.3% (120 minutes) or 1.0% (30 minutes) citric acid solutions (pH 3.8). Both sets of initially eroded specimens were evaluated for surface microhardness (N=10) and treated with either 0.3 or 1.6 Ca/P i ratio SS. Groups were first exposed to a seven-day remineralization period and then were cycled in a three-day regimen consisting daily of three rounds of two-hour plus overnight SS treatments and three 10-minute static immersions in demineralization solution. Specimens were assessed using surface microhardness and scanning electron microscopy.

          Results:

          Initial erosion from 0.3% citric acid led to elliptical-shaped pore openings several microns in length and in depth and contrasted significantly with respect to 1% citric acid. The greatest remineralization was observed from the 0.3 Ca/P i SS, while the 1.6 Ca/P i SS produced the least.

          Conclusions:

          This study demonstrated the nature of remineralization of eroded enamel depends on both initial erosive conditions and the Ca/P i ratio of simulated saliva.

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          Most cited references55

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          The Nature of the Chemical Bond

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            The role of diet in the aetiology of dental erosion.

            Acids of intrinsic and extrinsic origin are thought to be the main etiologic factors for dental erosion. There is evidence that acidic foodstuffs and beverages play a role in the development of erosion. However, the pH of a dietary substance alone is not predictive of its potential to cause erosion as other factors modify the erosive process. These factors are chemical (pKa values, adhesion and chelating properties, calcium, phosphate and fluoride content), behavioural (eating and drinking habits, life style, excessive consumption of acids) and biological (flow rate, buffering capacity, composition of saliva, pellicle formation, tooth composition, dental and soft tissue anatomy). The interplay between erosion and abrasion (specially oral hygiene practices) may be the main driver leading to the clinical manifestation of this disorder. Recommendations for patients at risk for dental erosion such as reducing acid exposure by reducing the frequency and contact of acids will be discussed. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
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              Calcium Ion Coordination:  A Comparison with That of Beryllium, Magnesium, and Zinc

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Open Dent J
                Open Dent J
                TODENTJ
                The Open Dentistry Journal
                Bentham Open
                1874-2106
                19 October 2012
                2012
                : 6
                : 170-176
                Affiliations
                [a ]RL Karlinsey, Indiana Nanotech, 351 West 10 th Street, Suite 309, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202 USA
                [b ]McCrone Associates, Inc., 850 Pasquinelli Drive, Westmont, IL 60559-5539 USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Indiana Nanotech, 351 West 10 th Street, Suite 309, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202 USA; Tel: +1-317-278-7892; Fax: +1317-278-4102; E-mail: rlk.nanotech@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                TODENTJ-6-170
                10.2174/1874210601206010170
                3486963
                23136621
                1d592a8f-39e2-4180-a6c4-3ee2f853990f
                © Karlinsey et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.

                This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 July 2012
                : 02 September 2012
                : 20 September 2012
                Categories
                Article

                Dentistry
                citric acid,phosphate,calcium,scanning electron microscopy,microhardness.
                Dentistry
                citric acid, phosphate, calcium, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness.

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