A systematic review on the qualitative experiences of people living with lung cancer in rural areas

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Abstract

Purpose

To synthesize the qualitative literature exploring the experiences of people living with lung cancer in rural areas.

Methods

Searches were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers against pre-determined eligibility criteria. Data were synthesized using Thomas and Harden’s framework for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research. The CASP qualitative checklist was used for quality assessment and the review was reported in accordance with the ENTREQ and PRISMA checklists.

Results

Nine articles were included, from which five themes were identified: (1) diagnosis and treatment pathways, (2) travel and financial burden, (3) communication and information, (4) experiences of interacting with healthcare professionals, (5) symptoms and health-seeking behaviors. Lung cancer diagnosis was unexpected for some with several reporting treatment delays and long wait times regarding diagnosis and treatment. Accessing treatment was perceived as challenging and time-consuming due to distance and financial stress. Inadequate communication of information from healthcare professionals was a common concern expressed by rural people living with lung cancer who also conveyed dissatisfaction with their healthcare professionals. Some were reluctant to seek help due to geographical distance and sociocultural factors whilst others found it challenging to identify symptoms due to comorbidities.

Conclusions

This review provides a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by people with lung cancer in rural settings, through which future researchers can begin to develop tailored support to address the existing disparities that affect this population.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-024-08342-4.

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Most cited references 74

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Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)

This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

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Using thematic analysis in psychology

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Cancer Statistics, 2021

Rebecca Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Hannah Fuchs … (2021)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2017) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2018) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2021, 1,898,160 new cancer cases and 608,570 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. After increasing for most of the 20th century, the cancer death rate has fallen continuously from its peak in 1991 through 2018, for a total decline of 31%, because of reductions in smoking and improvements in early detection and treatment. This translates to 3.2 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. Long-term declines in mortality for the 4 leading cancers have halted for prostate cancer and slowed for breast and colorectal cancers, but accelerated for lung cancer, which accounted for almost one-half of the total mortality decline from 2014 to 2018. The pace of the annual decline in lung cancer mortality doubled from 3.1% during 2009 through 2013 to 5.5% during 2014 through 2018 in men, from 1.8% to 4.4% in women, and from 2.4% to 5% overall. This trend coincides with steady declines in incidence (2.2%-2.3%) but rapid gains in survival specifically for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For example, NSCLC 2-year relative survival increased from 34% for persons diagnosed during 2009 through 2010 to 42% during 2015 through 2016, including absolute increases of 5% to 6% for every stage of diagnosis; survival for small cell lung cancer remained at 14% to 15%. Improved treatment accelerated progress against lung cancer and drove a record drop in overall cancer mortality, despite slowing momentum for other common cancers.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Samuel Cooke:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3027-7807

scooke@lincoln.ac.uk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Support Care Cancer

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Support Care Cancer

Title: Supportive Care in Cancer

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 0941-4355

ISSN (Electronic): 1433-7339

Publication date (Electronic): 6 February 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 6 February 2024

Publication date (Print): 2024

Volume: 32

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 144

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.4563.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8868, Lincoln Medical School, College of Health and Science, , Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln, ; Lincoln, LN6 7TS UK

[2 ]College of Health and Science, Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, ( https://ror.org/03yeq9x20) Lincoln, LN6 7TS UK

[3 ]Macmillan Cancer Support, ( https://ror.org/05vfhev56) London, SE1 7UQ UK

[4 ]Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, ( https://ror.org/026zzn846) London, EC1M 6BQ UK

[5 ]Community and Health Research Unit, School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, ( https://ror.org/03yeq9x20) Lincoln, LN6 7TS UK

[6 ]School of Medicine, University of Leeds, ( https://ror.org/024mrxd33) Leeds, LS2 9JT UK

[7 ]School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, ( https://ror.org/03yeq9x20) Lincoln, LN6 7TS UK

[8 ]GRID grid.413203.7, ISNI 0000 0000 8489 2368, Lincoln County Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Lincoln, LN2 5QY UK

[9 ]GRID grid.415000.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 9248, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, ; Boston, PE21 9QS UK

[10 ]Cancer Research UK, ( https://ror.org/054225q67) London, E20 1JQ UK

[11 ]GRID grid.9918.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8411, Glenfield Hospital, , University of Leicester, ; Leicester, LE1 7RH UK

[12 ]Swineshead Patient Participation Group, Swineshead Medical Group, Boston, PE20 3JE UK

Author information

Samuel Cooke http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3027-7807

Article

Publisher ID: 8342

DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08342-4

PMC ID: 10844412

PubMed ID: 38316704

SO-VID: 1d1cc36c-287d-43d7-aa74-7540cf4f4fa9

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 22 September 2023

Date accepted : 23 January 2024

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: lung cancer,experiences,qualitative research,rural health,systematic review

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

Keywords: lung cancer, experiences, qualitative research, rural health, systematic review

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A systematic review on the qualitative experiences of people living with lung cancer in rural areas

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Abstract

Purpose

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Conclusions

Supplementary Information

Related collections

Karger: Oncology

Most cited references 74

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Using thematic analysis in psychology

Cancer Statistics, 2021

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Cited by 1

Most referenced authors 1,128