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      Hydrogen sulfide and its role in female reproduction

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          Abstract

          Hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule produced in the body by three enzymes: cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). H 2S is crucial in various physiological processes associated with female mammalian reproduction. These include estrus cycle, oocyte maturation, oocyte aging, ovulation, embryo transport and early embryo development, the development of the placenta and fetal membranes, pregnancy, and the initiation of labor. Despite the confirmed presence of H 2S-producing enzymes in all female reproductive tissues, as described in this review, the exact mechanisms of H 2S action in these tissues remain in most cases unclear. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the knowledge about the presence and effects of H 2S in these tissues and outline possible signaling pathways that mediate these effects. Understanding these pathways may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies in the field of women’s health and perinatal medicine.

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          Most cited references164

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          H2S as a physiologic vasorelaxant: hypertension in mice with deletion of cystathionine gamma-lyase.

          Studies of nitric oxide over the past two decades have highlighted the fundamental importance of gaseous signaling molecules in biology and medicine. The physiological role of other gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now receiving increasing attention. Here we show that H2S is physiologically generated by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and that genetic deletion of this enzyme in mice markedly reduces H2S levels in the serum, heart, aorta, and other tissues. Mutant mice lacking CSE display pronounced hypertension and diminished endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. CSE is physiologically activated by calcium-calmodulin, which is a mechanism for H2S formation in response to vascular activation. These findings provide direct evidence that H2S is a physiologic vasodilator and regulator of blood pressure.
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            The vasorelaxant effect of H(2)S as a novel endogenous gaseous K(ATP) channel opener.

            Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been traditionally viewed as a toxic gas. It is also, however, endogenously generated from cysteine metabolism. We attempted to assess the physiological role of H(2)S in the regulation of vascular contractility, the modulation of H(2)S production in vascular tissues, and the underlying mechanisms. Intravenous bolus injection of H(2)S transiently decreased blood pressure of rats by 12- 30 mmHg, which was antagonized by prior blockade of K(ATP) channels. H(2)S relaxed rat aortic tissues in vitro in a K(ATP) channel-dependent manner. In isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), H(2)S directly increased K(ATP) channel currents and hyperpolarized membrane. The expression of H(2)S-generating enzyme was identified in vascular SMCs, but not in endothelium. The endogenous production of H(2)S from different vascular tissues was also directly measured with the abundant level in the order of tail artery, aorta and mesenteric artery. Most importantly, H(2)S production from vascular tissues was enhanced by nitric oxide. Our results demonstrate that H(2)S is an important endogenous vasoactive factor and the first identified gaseous opener of K(ATP) channels in vascular SMCs.
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              H2S signals through protein S-sulfhydration.

              Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a messenger molecule generated by cystathionine gamma-lyase, acts as a physiologic vasorelaxant. Mechanisms whereby H2S signals have been elusive. We now show that H2S physiologically modifies cysteines in a large number of proteins by S-sulfhydration. About 10 to 25% of many liver proteins, including actin, tubulin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), are sulfhydrated under physiological conditions. Sulfhydration augments GAPDH activity and enhances actin polymerization. Sulfhydration thus appears to be a physiologic posttranslational modification for proteins.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2643508/overviewRole: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2643281/overviewRole: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2239377/overviewRole:
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                Journal
                Front Vet Sci
                Front Vet Sci
                Front. Vet. Sci.
                Frontiers in Veterinary Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2297-1769
                12 June 2024
                2024
                : 11
                : 1378435
                Affiliations
                Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Prague, Czechia
                Author notes

                Edited by: Wei Cui, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States

                Reviewed by: Mohammed Ahmed Elmetwally, Mansoura University, Egypt

                Caroline Gomes Lucas, University of Missouri, United States

                *Correspondence: Aneta Pilsova, pilsova@ 123456af.czu.cz
                Article
                10.3389/fvets.2024.1378435
                11202402
                38933705
                1cebb038-90f7-411b-8b3d-a7853ec6f1d9
                Copyright © 2024 Pilsova, Pilsova, Klusackova, Zelenkova, Chmelikova, Postlerova and Sedmikova.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 29 January 2024
                : 02 May 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 164, Pages: 13, Words: 11603
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This review was supported by the Internal Grant Agency of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague (SV22-10-21230).
                Categories
                Veterinary Science
                Review
                Custom metadata
                Animal Reproduction - Theriogenology

                hydrogen sulfide,female reproduction,cystathionine beta synthase,cystathionine gamma lyase,oocyte physiology,early embryo development,uterus,gravidity

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