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      • Record: found
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      Chiral Derivatives of Xanthones with Antimicrobial Activity

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          Abstract

          According to the World Health Organization, the exacerbated use of antibiotics worldwide is increasing multi-resistant infections, especially in the last decade. Xanthones are a class of compounds receiving great interest in drug discovery and development that can be found as natural products or obtained by synthesis. Many derivatives of xanthones are chiral and associated with relevant biological activities, including antimicrobial. The aim of this review is to compile information about chiral derivatives of xanthones from natural sources and their synthesized examples with antimicrobial activity.

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          Anti-inflammatory activity of mangostins from Garcinia mangostana.

          Lih-Geeng Chen, Ling-Ling Yang, Ching-Chiung Wang (2008)
          The fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana Linn (Guttiferae) is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in Southeast Asia. Two xanthones, alpha- and gamma-mangostins, were isolated from the fruit hull of G. mangostana, and both significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and PGE(2) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The IC(50) values for the inhibition of NO production by alpha- and gamma-mangostins were 12.4 and 10.1 microM, respectively. After iNOS enzyme activity was stimulated by LPS for 12 h, treatment with either alpha- or gamma-mangostin at 5 microg/ml (12.2 and 12.6 microM, respectively) for 24 h did not significantly inhibit NO production. The data show that the inhibitory activities of alpha- and gamma-mangostins are not due to direct inhibition of iNOS enzyme activity. On the other hand, expression of iNOS was inhibited by alpha- and gamma-mangostins in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but not by COX-2. However, the level of PGE(2) production was reduced by the two xanthones. In an in vivo study, alpha-mangostin significantly inhibited mice carrageenan-induced paw edema. In conclusion, alpha- and gamma-mangostins from G. mangostana are bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory effects.
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            Xanthones from fungi, lichens, and bacteria: the natural products and their synthesis.

            Kye-Simeon Masters, Stefan Bräse (2012)
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              Therapeutic potential of gambogic acid, a caged xanthone, to target cancer.

              Kishore Banik, Choudhary Harsha, Devivasha Bordoloi … (2018)
              Natural compounds have enormous biological and clinical activity against dreadful diseases such as cancer, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In spite of the widespread research carried out in the field of cancer therapeutics, cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases with no perfect treatment till date. Adverse side effects and the development of chemoresistance are the imperative limiting factors associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. For this reason, there is an urgent need to find compounds that are highly safe and efficacious for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Gambogic acid (GA) is a xanthone structure extracted from the dry, brownish gamboge resin secreted from the Garcinia hanburyi tree in Southeast Asia and has inherent anti-cancer properties. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying the targets of GA that are liable for its effective anti-cancer activity are discussed that reveal the potential of GA as a pertinent candidate that can be appropriately developed and designed into a capable anti-cancer drug.
              Article 0 comments Cited 57 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 January 2019
                Publication date Collection: January 2019
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 314
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; up201703236@ 123456ff.up.pt (J.A.); cfernandes@ 123456ff.up.pt (C.F.); madalena@ 123456ff.up.pt (M.P.)
                [2 ]Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edificio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
                [3 ]Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: elizabeth.tiritan@ 123456iucs.cespu.pt ; Tel.: +351-22-415-7178; Fax: +351-22-415-7102
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-9163
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4676-1409
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-730X
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-24-00314
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020314
                PMC ID: 6359477
                PubMed ID: 30654546
                SO-VID: 1c92ffc2-b0f9-429e-8307-2f89a5049f72
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 December 2018
                Date accepted : 14 January 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: antimicrobial,xanthones,chirality,chiral derivatives of xanthones,caged xanthones
                Data availability:
                Keywords: antimicrobial, xanthones, chirality, chiral derivatives of xanthones, caged xanthones

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