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      Ray-optics cloaking devices for large objects in incoherent natural light

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          Abstract

          A cloak that can hide living creatures from sight is a common feature of mythology but still remains unrealized as a practical device. To preserve the wave phase, the previous cloaking solution proposed by Pendry and colleagues required transformation of the electromagnetic space around the hidden object in such a way that the rays bending around the object inside the cloak region have to travel faster than those passing it by. This difficult phase preservation requirement is the main obstacle for building a broadband polarization-insensitive cloak for large objects. Here we propose a simplified version of Pendry’s cloak by abolishing the requirement for phase preservation, as it is irrelevant for observation using incoherent natural light with human eyes, which are phase and polarization insensitive. This allows for a cloak design on large scales using commonly available materials. We successfully demonstrate the cloaking of living creatures, a cat and a fish, from the eye.

          Abstract

          Although many electromagnetic cloaking schemes exist at different wavelengths, realizing a broadband visible wavelength device is hard. By relaxing the need for phase preservation inherent to most methods, Chen et al. present a ray-optics scheme for cloaking large-scale objects from the human eye.

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          Most cited references6

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          Hiding Under the Carpet: a New Strategy for Cloaking

          A new type of cloak is discussed: one that gives all cloaked objects the appearance of a flat conducting sheet. It has the advantage that none of the parameters of the cloak is singular and can in fact be made isotropic. It makes broadband cloaking in the optical frequencies one step closer.
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            Broadband invisibility by non-Euclidean cloaking.

            Invisibility and negative refraction are both applications of transformation optics where the material of a device performs a coordinate transformation for electromagnetic fields. The device creates the illusion that light propagates through empty flat space, whereas in physical space, light is bent around a hidden interior or seems to run backward in space or time. All of the previous proposals for invisibility require materials with extreme properties. Here we show that transformation optics of a curved, non-Euclidean space (such as the surface of a virtual sphere) relax these requirements and can lead to invisibility in a broad band of the spectrum.
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              Macroscopic Invisibility Cloak for Visible Light

              Invisibility cloaks, a subject that usually occurs in science fiction and myths, have attracted wide interest recently because of their possible realization. The biggest challenge to true invisibility is known to be the cloaking of a macroscopic object in the broad range of wavelengths visible to the human eye. Here we experimentally solve this problem by incorporating the principle of transformation optics into a conventional optical lens fabrication with low-cost materials and simple manufacturing techniques. A transparent cloak made of two pieces of calcite is created. This cloak is able to conceal a macroscopic object with a maximum height of 2 mm, larger than 3500 free-space-wavelength, inside a transparent liquid environment. Its working bandwidth encompassing red, green and blue light is also demonstrated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Pub. Group
                2041-1723
                24 October 2013
                : 4
                : 2652
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
                [2 ]Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
                [3 ]The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
                [4 ]Marvell Technology Group Boston , Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
                [5 ]Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
                [6 ]Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
                [7 ]Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
                Author notes
                Article
                ncomms3652
                10.1038/ncomms3652
                3826629
                24153410
                1b946db2-28a0-4850-b1a7-f92ee22a94e5
                Copyright © 2013, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

                History
                : 23 May 2013
                : 20 September 2013
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