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      Experience sampling self-reports of social media use have comparable predictive validity to digital trace measures

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          Abstract

          Research agrees that self-reported measures of time spent with social media (TSM) show poor convergent validity, because they correlate modestly with equivalent objective digital trace measures. This experience sampling study among 159 adolescents (12,617 self-reports) extends this work by examining the comparative predictive validity of self-reported and digital trace measures of TSM, that is, the extent to which self-reported and digital trace measures of TSM correspond in their effects on self-esteem, well-being, and friendship closeness. Using an N = 1 method of analysis, we investigated the correspondence on a between-person, within-person, and person-specific level. Although our results confirmed the poor convergent validity of self-reported TSM reported earlier, we found that self-reports of TSM had comparable predictive validity to digital trace measures on all three levels. Because comparative predictive validity of self-reported TSM is crucial for investigating social media effects, our results have important implications for future research using self-reported TSM.

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          Most cited references39

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          Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs

          Effect sizes are the most important outcome of empirical studies. Most articles on effect sizes highlight their importance to communicate the practical significance of results. For scientists themselves, effect sizes are most useful because they facilitate cumulative science. Effect sizes can be used to determine the sample size for follow-up studies, or examining effects across studies. This article aims to provide a practical primer on how to calculate and report effect sizes for t-tests and ANOVA's such that effect sizes can be used in a-priori power analyses and meta-analyses. Whereas many articles about effect sizes focus on between-subjects designs and address within-subjects designs only briefly, I provide a detailed overview of the similarities and differences between within- and between-subjects designs. I suggest that some research questions in experimental psychology examine inherently intra-individual effects, which makes effect sizes that incorporate the correlation between measures the best summary of the results. Finally, a supplementary spreadsheet is provided to make it as easy as possible for researchers to incorporate effect size calculations into their workflow.
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            Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.

            Carol Ryff (1989)
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              Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                t.verbeij@uva.nl
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                9 May 2022
                9 May 2022
                2022
                : 12
                : 7611
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7177.6, ISNI 0000000084992262, Amsterdam School of Communication Research, , University of Amsterdam, ; P.O. Box 15791, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [2 ]GRID grid.5590.9, ISNI 0000000122931605, Behavioural Science Institute, , Radboud University, ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-3620
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-392X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-867X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0477-8429
                Article
                11510
                10.1038/s41598-022-11510-3
                9084269
                35534600
                1ae38592-ef27-49b6-a886-5972ce331e3b
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 5 November 2021
                : 21 April 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek;
                Award ID: Spinoza Prize
                Award ID: Spinoza Prize
                Award ID: Spinoza Prize
                Award ID: Spinoza Prize
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Uncategorized
                psychology,human behaviour
                Uncategorized
                psychology, human behaviour

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