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      Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees

      research-article
      1 , 2 , , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 4 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 5 , 4 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 9 , 36
      Nature Communications
      Nature Publishing Group UK
      Climate-change ecology, Forest ecology

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          Abstract

          Severe droughts have the potential to reduce forest productivity and trigger tree mortality. Most trees face several drought events during their life and therefore resilience to dry conditions may be crucial to long-term survival. We assessed how growth resilience to severe droughts, including its components resistance and recovery, is related to the ability to survive future droughts by using a tree-ring database of surviving and now-dead trees from 118 sites (22 species, >3,500 trees). We found that, across the variety of regions and species sampled, trees that died during water shortages were less resilient to previous non-lethal droughts, relative to coexisting surviving trees of the same species. In angiosperms, drought-related mortality risk is associated with lower resistance (low capacity to reduce impact of the initial drought), while it is related to reduced recovery (low capacity to attain pre-drought growth rates) in gymnosperms. The different resilience strategies in these two taxonomic groups open new avenues to improve our understanding and prediction of drought-induced mortality.

          Abstract

          Resilience to drought is crucial for tree survival under climate change. Here, DeSoto et al. show that trees that died during drought were less resilient to previous dry events compared to surviving conspecifics, but the resilience strategies differ between angiosperms and gymnosperms.

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          Most cited references39

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          Forest disturbances under climate change

          Forest disturbances are sensitive to climate. However, our understanding of disturbance dynamics in response to climatic changes remains incomplete, particularly regarding large-scale patterns, interaction effects and dampening feedbacks. Here we provide a global synthesis of climate change effects on important abiotic (fire, drought, wind, snow and ice) and biotic (insects and pathogens) disturbance agents. Warmer and drier conditions particularly facilitate fire, drought and insect disturbances, while warmer and wetter conditions increase disturbances from wind and pathogens. Widespread interactions between agents are likely to amplify disturbances, while indirect climate effects such as vegetation changes can dampen long-term disturbance sensitivities to climate. Future changes in disturbance are likely to be most pronounced in coniferous forests and the boreal biome. We conclude that both ecosystems and society should be prepared for an increasingly disturbed future of forests.
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            A multi-species synthesis of physiological mechanisms in drought-induced tree mortality

            Widespread tree mortality associated with drought has been observed on all forested continents and global change is expected to exacerbate vegetation vulnerability. Forest mortality has implications for future biosphere-atmosphere interactions of carbon, water and energy balance, and is poorly represented in dynamic vegetation models. Reducing uncertainty requires improved mortality projections founded on robust physiological processes. However, the proposed mechanisms of drought-induced mortality, including hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, are unresolved. A growing number of empirical studies have investigated these mechanisms, but data have not been consistently analysed across species and biomes using a standardized physiological framework. Here, we show that xylem hydraulic failure was ubiquitous across multiple tree taxa at drought-induced mortality. All species assessed had 60% or higher loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity, consistent with proposed theoretical and modelled survival thresholds. We found diverse responses in non-structural carbohydrate reserves at mortality, indicating that evidence supporting carbon starvation was not universal. Reduced non-structural carbohydrates were more common for gymnosperms than angiosperms, associated with xylem hydraulic vulnerability, and may have a role in reducing hydraulic function. Our finding that hydraulic failure at drought-induced mortality was persistent across species indicates that substantial improvement in vegetation modelling can be achieved using thresholds in hydraulic function.
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              Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                luciadesoto@gmail.com
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                28 January 2020
                28 January 2020
                2020
                : 11
                : 545
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2183 4846, GRID grid.4711.3, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, , Spanish National Research Council (EEZA-CSIC), ; Almería, Spain
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9511 4342, GRID grid.8051.c, Centre for Functional Ecology, , University of Coimbra, ; Coimbra, Portugal
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2176 4817, GRID grid.5399.6, INRAE, , Université Aix-Marseille, UMR Recover, ; Aix-en-Provence, France
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2156 2780, GRID grid.5801.c, Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, , ETH Zürich, ; Zürich, Switzerland
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2259 5533, GRID grid.419754.a, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), ; Birmensdorf, Switzerland
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0791 5666, GRID grid.4818.5, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, , Wageningen University, ; Wageningen, The Netherlands
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9748, GRID grid.6582.9, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, , Ulm University, ; Ulm, Germany
                [8 ]Land Life Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0722 403X, GRID grid.452388.0, CREAF, ; Bellaterrra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
                [10 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2290 8069, GRID grid.8767.e, Ecology and Biodiversity, , Vrije Universiteit Brussel, ; Brussels, Belgium
                [11 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2155 6508, GRID grid.425938.1, Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, , Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), ; Tervuren, Belgium
                [12 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0410 2071, GRID grid.7737.4, Department of Forest Sciences, , University of Helsinki, ; Helsinki, Finland
                [13 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1945 2152, GRID grid.423606.5, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), , Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), ; Río Negro, Argentina
                [14 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2183 4846, GRID grid.4711.3, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, , Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), ; Zaragoza, Spain
                [15 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0721 6013, GRID grid.8954.0, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, , University of Ljubljana, ; Ljubljana, Slovenia
                [16 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2300 669X, GRID grid.419190.4, Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), ; Madrid, Spain
                [17 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2111 7257, GRID grid.4488.0, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, , TU Dresden, ; Dresden, Germany
                [18 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0404 3120, GRID grid.472551.0, USDA Forest Service, ; Missoula, MT USA
                [19 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2159 8361, GRID grid.5120.6, Department of Forest Sciences, , Transilvania University of Brasov, ; Brasov, Romania
                [20 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2002 0998, GRID grid.423984.0, BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, ; Leioa, Spain
                [21 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2288 5055, GRID grid.257157.3, Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, , Humboldt State University, ; Arcata, CA USA
                [22 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2254 1834, GRID grid.415877.8, Sukachev Institute of Forest, , Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), ; Krasnoyarsk, Russia
                [23 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0940 9855, GRID grid.412592.9, Siberian Federal University, ; Krasnoyarsk, Russia
                [24 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1945 2152, GRID grid.423606.5, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBOMA), , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), ; Bariloche, Argentina
                [25 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2112 473X, GRID grid.412234.2, Department of Ecology, , Universidad Nacional del Comahue, ; Río Negro, Argentina
                [26 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0604 7563, GRID grid.13992.30, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, , Weizmann Institute of Science, ; Rehovot, Israel
                [27 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1012 4769, GRID grid.426231.0, Department of Yield and Silviculture, , Slovenian Forestry Institute, ; Ljubljana, Slovenia
                [28 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2200 2355, GRID grid.15449.3d, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, , Pablo de Olavide University, ; Seville, Spain
                [29 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4668 6757, GRID grid.22642.30, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), ; Espoo, Finland
                [30 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2151 8122, GRID grid.5771.4, Department of Botany, , University of Innsbruck, ; Innsbruck, Austria
                [31 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0794 1186, GRID grid.10985.35, Agricultural University of Athens, ; Karpenissi, Greece
                [32 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2286 5329, GRID grid.5239.d, EiFAB-iuFOR, , University of Valladolid, ; Soria, Spain
                [33 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2149 743X, GRID grid.10822.39, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, , University of Novi Sad, ; Novi Sad, Serbia
                [34 ]Grupo Ecología Forestal, CONICET - INTA, EEA Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
                [35 ]Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA-CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
                [36 ]GRID grid.7080.f, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ; Bellaterrra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5814-5865
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-5334
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-2775
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-7265
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0160-6410
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3757-6356
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-2922
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7403-3994
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-3721
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-1770
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1453-9608
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-0655
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-4121
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-8845
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-8311
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-6353
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-6264
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-7044
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-092X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-2424
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-2049
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-6409
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-0310
                Article
                14300
                10.1038/s41467-020-14300-5
                6987235
                31992718
                1acb33fd-83be-4787-aedf-1307a293e5ef
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 21 November 2018
                : 5 December 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: European Union under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie IF (No.797188) COST Action FP1106 STReESS (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/70632/2010)
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                © The Author(s) 2020

                Uncategorized
                climate-change ecology,forest ecology
                Uncategorized
                climate-change ecology, forest ecology

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