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      Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following the Administration of Adenovirus Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine

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          Abstract

          As countries worldwide deployed their respective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 to their citizens, several side effects and complications from the use of the various types of COVID-19 vaccines were documented and are continued to be monitored to further study the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. One such complication, the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), was reported in some individuals who received a COVID-19 adenovirus vector-based vaccine. In this particular report, we describe one such case. The patient had diarrhea and fever one day after vaccination, which was a triggering event. Seven days post vaccination, the patient had bilateral symmetrical weakness with absent deep tendon reflexes. However, causality between the vaccine administered and the suspected adverse reaction cannot be readily assumed. The benefits and risk profiles of each available vaccine should be assessed continuously for it to be improved and truly useful in this pandemic. Thorough post-vaccination surveillance, along with national reporting mechanisms are needed to help establish and confirm possible links between GBS and adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. This link needs to be probed further in prospective studies and clinical trials.

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          Guillain-Barré syndrome.

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            Guillain‐Barré syndrome following ChAdOx1‐S / nCoV ‐19 vaccine

            As of April 22, 2021, around 1.5 million individuals in three districts of Kerala, India had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines. Over 80% of these individuals (1.2 million) received the ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 vaccine. In this population, during this period of 4 weeks (mid-March to mid-April 2021), we observed seven cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) that occurred within 2 weeks of the first dose of vaccination. All seven patients developed severe GBS. The frequency of GBS was 1.4- to 10-fold higher than that expected in this period for a population of this magnitude. In addition, the frequency of bilateral facial weakness, which typically occurs in <20% of GBS cases, suggests a pattern associated with the vaccination. While the benefits of vaccination substantially outweigh the risk of this relatively rare outcome (5.8 per million), clinicians should be alert to this possible adverse event, as six out of seven patients progressed to areflexic quadriplegia and required mechanical ventilatory support. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:312-314.
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              Guillain‐Barré syndrome variant occurring after SARS‐CoV ‐2 vaccination

              Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are very safe, we report 4 cases of the bifacial weakness with paresthesias variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occurring within 3 weeks of vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This rare neurological syndrome has previously been reported in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. Our cases were given either intravenous immunoglobulin, oral steroids, or no treatment. We suggest vigilance for cases of bifacial weakness with paresthesias variant GBS following vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 and that postvaccination surveillance programs ensure robust data capture of this outcome, to assess for causality. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:315-318.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cureus
                Cureus
                2168-8184
                Cureus
                Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                2168-8184
                23 July 2023
                July 2023
                : 15
                : 7
                : e42316
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Neurology, Quirino Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, PHL
                Author notes
                Article
                10.7759/cureus.42316
                10442713
                1a8bb421-108d-4aeb-bf67-5c0bcf07b04e
                Copyright © 2023, Lee et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 23 July 2023
                Categories
                Family/General Practice
                Neurology
                Epidemiology/Public Health

                bilateral symmetrical lower extremity weakness,viral vector-based vaccine,philippines covid-19 vaccination program,guillain-barré syndrome,gbs,covid,adenovirus vector based vaccine,covid 19 vaccine complication

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