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      The Cogollo Group and the oceanic anoxic events 1a and 1b, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela Translated title: El Grupo Cogollo y los eventos oceánicos anóxicos 1a y 1b, Cuenca de Maracaibo, Venezuela

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACTCarbonates of Cogollo Group (Apón, Lisure and Maraca formations) constitute the broader calcareous platform system originated during Aptian and Albian of Cretaceous in north-western South America, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. On the shallow shelf, a variety of calcareous sedimentary facies were deposited during marine transgressive and regressive cycles. Some of them developed porosity and constitute important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Due to some major marine transgressions, from early Aptian, the anoxic environment and characteristic facies of a pelagic environment moved from the outer slope and basin to the shallow shelf, during specific time intervals, favouring the sedimentation of organic matter-rich facies, which correspond to the oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) 1a and 1b. The source rock of Machiques Member (Apón Formation) was deposited during early Aptian OAE 1a (~ 120 Ma). The source rock of Piché Member, located at the top of the Apón Formation, was deposited during late Aptian OAE 1b (~ 113 Ma). Finally, La Luna Formation, from Cenomanian, that covers the OAE 2 (~ 93 Ma), represents the most important source rock in the Maracaibo Basin. In this way and based on sedimentological and organic geochemistry results from the determinations performed on 247 samples belonging to six cores in the Maracaibo Basin, we propose these two organic-rich levels, deposited on the shallow shelf of the Cogollo Group, as "effective source rocks", additional to La Luna Formation, with oil migration in relatively small distances to the porosity facies.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMENLos carbonatos del Grupo Cogollo (formaciones Apón, Lisure y Maraca) constituyen el sistema de plataforma calcárea más amplio originado durante el Aptiense y Albiense del Cretácico Inferior, en el noroeste de América del Sur, cuenca de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Sobre la plataforma somera se depositaron una amplia variedad de facies calcáreas en ciclos sedimentarios con secuencias regresivas y transgresivas, algunas con porosidad, constituyendo importantes yacimientos de hidrocarburos. Debido a algunas transgresiones marinas mayores, a partir del Aptiense temprano se trasladó, durante intervalos de tiempo puntuales, el ambiente anóxico y las facies características de un ambiente pelágico desde el talud externo y la cuenca hasta la plataforma somera, propiciando la sedimentación de facies ricas en materia orgánica, las cuales se corresponden con los Eventos Oceánicos Anóxicos (EOAs) 1a y 1b. La roca madre del Miembro Machiques (Formación Apón), se originó durante el EOA 1a del Aptiense temprano (~ 120 Ma). La roca madre del Miembro Piché, situada en la parte superior de la Formación Apón, se originó durante el OAE 1b de finales del Aptiense (~ 113 Ma). Finalmente, a partir del Cenomaniense, se depositó la Formación La Luna, la cual abarca el OAE 2 (~ 93 Ma) y representa la roca madre más importante en la cuenca de Maracaibo. De esta manera, sobre la plataforma somera del Grupo Cogollo se desarrollaron dos niveles de "rocas madre efectivas" adicionales a la Formación La Luna, con migraciones del petróleo en distancias relativamente pequeñas hasta las facies con porosidad.

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          Geochemistry of oceanic anoxic events

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            Oceanic anoxic events and plankton evolution: Biotic response to tectonic forcing during the mid-Cretaceous

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              Carbonate Facies in Geologic History

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjgeo
                Brazilian Journal of Geology
                Braz. J. Geol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia (São Paulo )
                2317-4692
                August 2015
                : 45
                : suppl 1
                : 41-61
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela
                [2 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela
                [3 ] Universidad de los Pueblos del Sur Venezuela
                Article
                S2317-48892015000400041
                10.1590/2317-4889201530192
                1a2c55a5-5fcc-4e19-9559-23fd88b06188

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2317-4889&lng=en
                Categories
                GEOLOGY
                GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General geosciences,Geology & Mineralogy
                Cogollo Group,Maracaibo Basin,source rocks,oceanic anoxic events.,Grupo Cogollo,cuenca de Maracaibo,rocas madre,eventos oceánicos anóxicos.

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