Porous crystalline frameworks for thermocatalytic CO <sub>2</sub> reduction: an emerging paradigm

Author(s): Sunil Mehla ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Ahmad E. Kandjani ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Ravichandar Babarao ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Adam F. Lee ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Selvakannan Periasamy ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Karen Wilson ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Seeram Ramakrishna ⁶ ^, ⁷ ^, ⁸ , Suresh K. Bhargava ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2021

Journal: Energy & Environmental Science

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

A comprehensive and critical analysis of thermocatalytic CO ₂ reduction over heterogeneous catalysts derived from porous crystalline frameworks.

Abstract

Heterogeneous catalysts for CO ₂ reduction derived from porous, crystalline frameworks have emerged as efficient systems with comparable activity and superior selectivity to their inorganic counterparts. The spatial arrangement of active sites in such catalytically active frameworks is critical to their performance in CO ₂ reduction. This review presents a comprehensive and critical analysis of (thermal) CO ₂ reduction over catalysts derived from porous, crystalline frameworks, whose structural and chemical diversity offers unprecedented opportunities to regulate reactivity. Thermodyamic considerations and the impact of process parameters on reaction intermediates, governing mechanisms for CO ₂ reduction and catalyst stability are discussed. Strategies for leveraging the flexibility of porous, crystalline frameworks to improve their stability and promote CO ₂ reduction are presented which include: use as sacrificial precursors to an active phase; integration within composites; and as hosts for nanoparticle encapsulation. Finally, future challenges and research prospects are highlighted.

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The chemistry and applications of metal-organic frameworks.

Hiroyasu Furukawa, Kyle E. Cordova, Michael O'Keeffe … (2013)

Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.