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      Detection of anti -Trypanosoma spp. antibodies in cattle from southern Brazil Translated title: Detecção de anticorpos anti- Trypanosoma spp. em bovinos do sul do Brasil

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          Abstract

          Bovine trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is a disease that originated in Africa and currently affects cattle in several South American countries, including almost all Brazilian states. Despite the reports on T. vivax infection in southern Brazil, data on its circulation status is currently unavailable. In this study, we aimed to detect anti- Trypanosoma spp. IgG antibodies in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul and suggest areas with T. vivax transmission risk. A total of 691 serum samples from cattle in the intermediate regions of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The overall seroprevalence of anti- Trypanosoma antibodies in cattle was 24.6% (170/691). The detection rate ranged from 0-37.3%, with a high prevalence in the intermediate regions of Ijuí (37.3%), Uruguaiana (30.7%), and Passo Fundo (28.9%). Thus, these regions were suggested as possible bovine trypanosomosis risk areas due to the high seroprevalence. This is the first serological study to determine Trypanosoma spp. infection status in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul, providing data on the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in the state.

          Resumo

          A tripanossomose bovina, causada por Trypanosoma vivax, é uma doença que teve origem na África, e atualmente, afeta bovinos em diversos países da América do Sul, incluindo quase todos os estados brasileiros. Apesar dos relatos de infecção por T. vivax, no sul do Brasil, dados sobre seu status de circulação não estão disponíveis atualmente. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi detectar anticorpos IgG anti- Trypanosoma spp. em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul e sugerir possíveis áreas de risco de transmissão de T. vivax. Foi analisado um total de 691 amostras de soro de bovinos, das regiões intermediárias do Rio Grande do Sul, usando-se o ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFA). A soroprevalência geral de anticorpos anti- Trypanosoma em bovinos foi de 24,6% (170/691). A taxa de detecção variou de 0 a 37,3%, com uma alta prevalência nas regiões intermediárias de Ijuí (37,3%), Uruguaiana (30,7%) e Passo Fundo (28,9%). Portanto, essas regiões foram sugeridas como possíveis áreas de risco para a tripanossomose bovina, devido à alta soroprevalência. Este é o primeiro estudo sorológico a determinar o status de infecção por Trypanosoma spp., em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul, fornecendo dados sobre a epidemiologia da tripanossomose no estado.

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          Most cited references41

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          Fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of American trypanosomiasis. Technical modification employing preserved culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in a slide test.

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            Trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax in cattle in the Brazilian semiarid: Description of an outbreak and lesions in the nervous system.

            An outbreak of trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax is reported in the semiarid of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil from May to August 2002. Sixty-four cows out of 130 were affected; 11 died and the other recovered after treatment with diminazene aceturate. Affected animals had fever, anemia, weight loss, hypoglycemia, increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and, in nine cows, nervous signs. All cows with nervous signs died; six of them recovered after treatment, but the disease relapsed. Six cows aborted and one delivered a calf that died immediately after parturition. Thirty-two out of 100 calves were affected and five died. Nervous signs were not observed in the calves. Gross lesions were thickening of the meninges, enlarged lymph nodes and prominent white pulp of the spleen. The main histological lesion was meningoencephalitis and malacia in the brain of cows with nervous signs. No antibodies against trypanosomes were found in 33 blood samples collected before the outbreak in the affected farm and in 29 samples collected at the same time in two other neighbor farms. Until January 2003, all 89 animals tested had antibodies against T. vivax, suggesting the occurrence of sub clinical infections in cattle without clinical signs. Only two out of 85 serum samples collected on April 2004 were positive for T. vivax antibodies. Data obtained suggested that the semiarid region is non-endemic for trypanosomiasis and that disease occurred due to introduction of the parasite in a susceptible population after an apparent rise in the Tabanus spp. population.
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              Trypanosoma vivax: characterization of the spliced-leader gene of a Brazilian stock and species-specific detection by PCR amplification of an intergenic spacer sequence.

              The sequence of the spliced-leader gene repeat of a Brazilian Trypanosoma vivax stock from cattle showed high similarity to sequences of West African T. vivax in both intron and intergenic sequences. This is the first evidence based on DNA sequences of close-relatedness between Brazilian and West African T. vivax stocks. A T. vivax-specific diagnostic PCR assay based on spliced-leader gene intergenic sequences was able to amplify DNA from T. vivax stocks from South America (Brazil, Bolivia, and Colombia) and West Africa. Species-specificity of this method was confirmed by results obtained by testing 15 other trypanosomes, including other species and subspecies that can also infect cattle. The PCR assay developed presented high sensitivity, detecting the DNA content of only one parasite and also revealing T. vivax infection in asymptomatic animals without detectable parasitemia by microhematocrit or in Giemsa-stained blood smears. Use of crude preparations from field-blood samples collected on both filter paper and glass slides as DNA template suggested that this method could be useful for the diagnosis of T. vivax in large epidemiological studies. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Bras Parasitol Vet
                Rev Bras Parasitol Vet
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária / Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária
                0103-846X
                1984-2961
                22 December 2023
                2024
                : 33
                : 1
                : e013723
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
                [2 ] originalCentro Universitário Ritter dos Reis – UniRitter, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
                [3 ] originalUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina – UDESC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
                [4 ] originalDepartamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
                [5 ] originalLaboratório de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Fagner D’ambroso Fernandes. E-mail: fagner.fernandes@ 123456acad.ufsm.br

                Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-5399
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-2327
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-4769
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0286
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-0744
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-8276
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-1084
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-3643
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-9912
                Article
                rbpvAO13723_EN 00400
                10.1590/S1984-29612024002
                10782508
                38126573
                19905893-67a4-431c-8b7c-8c3be82ec697

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 August 2023
                : 09 November 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 36
                Funding
                Funded by: CAPES
                Award ID: 001
                Categories
                Short Communication

                trypanosoma vivax,serological diagnosis,epidemiology,diagnóstico sorológico,epidemiologia

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