Deconstructing Craving: Dissociable Cortical Control of Cue Reactivity in Nicotine Addiction

Abstract

Cue reactivity, the ability of cues associated with addictive substances to induce seeking and withdrawal, is a major contributor to addiction. Although human imaging studies show that cigarette-associated cues simultaneously activate the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex and evoke craving, how these activities functionally contribute to distinct elements of cue reactivity remains unclear. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the simultaneous activation of these cortical regions reflects coordinated functional connectivity or parallel processing.