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      Predicción fisicomatemática de la dinámica semestral de la malaria en Antioquia, Colombia Translated title: Physico-mathematical prediction of the biannual dynamics of malaria in Antioquia, Colombia

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La malaria es una enfermedad endémica en Colombia, cuyas características biológicas, fisiopatológicas y el impacto socioeconómico que genera la han posicionado como una enfermedad de interés en salud pública. Objetivo: Predecir el número de casos notificados de malaria para el segundo semestre del año 2020 en el departamento de Antioquia, a través de la aplicación de la teoría de la probabilidad y la caminata al azar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo. Se analizó la dinámica geométrica del comportamiento semestral de la epidemia de malaria en el departamento de Antioquia durante los años 2008-2020 con los datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, como una caminata al azar probabilística. En relación con los aumentos y disminuciones consecutivas semestrales, se determinó el número de infectados más probable para el segundo semestre del año 2020. Resultados: El valor de la predicción fue de 3433. Al ser comparado con los valores reportados por el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, se obtuvo un porcentaje de acierto del 95,4 %. Conclusiones: Al predecir con alta precisión el número de infectados para el segundo semestre del año 2020 en el departamento de Antioquia, se evidencia la potencialidad de la metodología para implementarse como una herramienta de vigilancia en salud pública y como un medio que sirva para apoyar la toma de decisiones en materia de políticas públicas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Malaria is an endemic disease in Colombia. Due to its biological and pathophysiological characteristics and socioeconomic impact, it is positioned as a disease of public health interest. Objective: To predict the number of reported cases of malaria for the second semester of 2020 in Antioquia department using the theory of probability and probabilistic random walk. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted. The geometric dynamics of the biannual development of malaria epidemic in Antioquia department from 2008 to 2020 was analyzed using the data from the National Surveillance System in Public Health as a probabilistic random walk. Regarding the consecutive biannual reductions and increments, the most probable number of infected individuals was determined for the second semester of 2020. Results: The predictive value was 3433. When it was compared to the values reported by the National Surveillance System in Public Health, a 95.4% accuracy rate was obtained. Conclusions: By predicting with high accuracy the number of infected individuals for the second semester of 2020 in Antioquia department, it is evident the methodology potential as a public health surveillance tool and as a means to support public policy decision making.

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          Global Disease Outbreaks Associated with the 2015–2016 El Niño Event

          Interannual climate variability patterns associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon result in climate and environmental anomaly conditions in specific regions worldwide that directly favor outbreaks and/or amplification of variety of diseases of public health concern including chikungunya, hantavirus, Rift Valley fever, cholera, plague, and Zika. We analyzed patterns of some disease outbreaks during the strong 2015–2016 El Niño event in relation to climate anomalies derived from satellite measurements. Disease outbreaks in multiple El Niño-connected regions worldwide (including Southeast Asia, Tanzania, western US, and Brazil) followed shifts in rainfall, temperature, and vegetation in which both drought and flooding occurred in excess (14–81% precipitation departures from normal). These shifts favored ecological conditions appropriate for pathogens and their vectors to emerge and propagate clusters of diseases activity in these regions. Our analysis indicates that intensity of disease activity in some ENSO-teleconnected regions were approximately 2.5–28% higher during years with El Niño events than those without. Plague in Colorado and New Mexico as well as cholera in Tanzania were significantly associated with above normal rainfall (p < 0.05); while dengue in Brazil and southeast Asia were significantly associated with above normal land surface temperature (p < 0.05). Routine and ongoing global satellite monitoring of key climate variable anomalies calibrated to specific regions could identify regions at risk for emergence and propagation of disease vectors. Such information can provide sufficient lead-time for outbreak prevention and potentially reduce the burden and spread of ecologically coupled diseases.
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            Teoría de unión al HLA clase II: teoría de probabilidad, combinatoria y entropía aplicadas a secuencias peptídicas

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              The role of ENSO in understanding changes in Colombia's annual malaria burden by region, 1960–2006

              Background Malaria remains a serious problem in Colombia. The number of malaria cases is governed by multiple climatic and non-climatic factors. Malaria control policies, and climate controls such as rainfall and temperature variations associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have been associated with malaria case numbers. Using historical climate data and annual malaria case number data from 1960 to 2006, statistical models are developed to isolate the effects of climate in each of Colombia's five contrasting geographical regions. Methods Because year to year climate variability associated with ENSO causes interannual variability in malaria case numbers, while changes in population and institutional control policy result in more gradual trends, the chosen predictors in the models are annual indices of the ENSO state (sea surface temperature [SST] in the tropical Pacific Ocean) and time reference indices keyed to two major malaria trends during the study period. Two models were used: a Poisson and a Negative Binomial regression model. Two ENSO indices, two time reference indices, and one dummy variable are chosen as candidate predictors. The analysis was conducted using the five geographical regions to match the similar aggregation used by the National Institute of Health for its official reports. Results The Negative Binomial regression model is found better suited to the malaria cases in Colombia. Both the trend variables and the ENSO measures are significant predictors of malaria case numbers in Colombia as a whole, and in two of the five regions. A one degree Celsius change in SST (indicating a weak to moderate ENSO event) is seen to translate to an approximate 20% increase in malaria cases, holding other variables constant. Conclusion Regional differentiation in the role of ENSO in understanding changes in Colombia's annual malaria burden during 1960–2006 was found, constituting a new approach to use ENSO as a significant predictor of the malaria cases in Colombia. These results naturally point to additional needed work: (1) refining the regional and seasonal dependence of climate on the ENSO state, and of malaria on the climate variables; (2) incorporating ENSO-related climate variability into dynamic malaria models.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mtr
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
                Rev Cubana Med Trop
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0375-0760
                1561-3054
                December 2022
                : 74
                : 3
                : e779
                Affiliations
                [2] Sabaneta orgnameGrupo GEINCRO, Fundación Universitaria San Martín Colombia
                [1] Bogotá orgnameGrupo Insight, Insight Research Group SAS Colombia
                Article
                S0375-07602022000300009 S0375-0760(22)07400300009
                1930fc9e-59d5-4f6d-9501-debb7c380701

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 November 2021
                : 27 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

                Antioquia,probability,malaria,prediction,probabilidad,predicción

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