Some intertidal and shallow water polychaetes of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica

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Abstract

Abstract:The polychaete fauna of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica has been inadequately characterized with only nine species previously reported. Collections of polychaetes from intertidal coralline rocks and several shallow sub-tidal sites on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica have been examined and 68 species were identified. Of these, 66 are new records for Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (1): 127-152. Epub 2017 March 01.

Translated abstract

ResumenLa fauna de poliquetos en la costa del Caribe costarricense se ha descrito inadecuadamente con solo 9 especies reportadas anteriormente. Se estudiaron los poliquetos de de las rocas coralinas intermereales y varios sitios submareales someros en la costa del Caribe costarricense y se identificaron 68 especies, de las cuales 66 son nuevos registros para Costa Rica.

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Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns

Patricia Miloslavich, JUAN MANUEL OSPINA-DÍAZ, Eduardo Klein … (2010)

This paper provides an analysis of the distribution patterns of marine biodiversity and summarizes the major activities of the Census of Marine Life program in the Caribbean region. The coastal Caribbean region is a large marine ecosystem (LME) characterized by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, but including other environments, such as sandy beaches and rocky shores. These tropical ecosystems incorporate a high diversity of associated flora and fauna, and the nations that border the Caribbean collectively encompass a major global marine biodiversity hot spot. We analyze the state of knowledge of marine biodiversity based on the geographic distribution of georeferenced species records and regional taxonomic lists. A total of 12,046 marine species are reported in this paper for the Caribbean region. These include representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista. Sampling effort has been greatest in shallow, nearshore waters, where there is relatively good coverage of species records; offshore and deep environments have been less studied. Additionally, we found that the currently accepted classification of marine ecoregions of the Caribbean did not apply for the benthic distributions of five relatively well known taxonomic groups. Coastal species richness tends to concentrate along the Antillean arc (Cuba to the southernmost Antilles) and the northern coast of South America (Venezuela – Colombia), while no pattern can be observed in the deep sea with the available data. Several factors make it impossible to determine the extent to which these distribution patterns accurately reflect the true situation for marine biodiversity in general: (1) highly localized concentrations of collecting effort and a lack of collecting in many areas and ecosystems, (2) high variability among collecting methods, (3) limited taxonomic expertise for many groups, and (4) differing levels of activity in the study of different taxa.

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Eurythoe complanata (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae), the ‘cosmopolitan’ fireworm, consists of at least three cryptic species

Paulo C. Paiva, Michelle Klautau, Rômulo Barroso … (2010)

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The curious case of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae): evidence for genetic homogeneity throughout the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins.

Joseph Ahrens, Elizabeth Borda, Rômulo Barroso … (2013)

Over the last few decades, advances in molecular techniques have led to the detection of strong geographic population structure and cryptic speciation in many benthic marine taxa, even those with long-lived pelagic larval stages. Polychaete annelids, in particular, generally show a high degree of population divergence, especially in mitochondrial genes. Rarely have molecular studies confirmed the presence of 'cosmopolitan' species. The amphinomid polychaete Hermodice carunculata was long considered the sole species within its genus, with a reported distribution throughout the Atlantic and adjacent basins. However, recent studies have indicated morphological differences, primarily in the number of branchial filaments, between the East and West Atlantic populations; these differences were invoked to re-instate Hermodice nigrolineata, formerly considered a junior synonym of H. carunculata. We utilized sequence data from two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rDNA) markers and one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) marker to examine the genetic diversity of Hermodice throughout its distribution range in the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of Guinea. Our analyses revealed generally low genetic divergences among collecting localities and between the East and West Atlantic, although phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial data indicate the presence of a private lineage in the Mediterranean Sea. A re-evaluation of the number of branchial filaments confirmed differences between East and West Atlantic populations; however, the differences were not diagnostic and did not reflect the observed genetic population structure. Rather, we suspect that the number of branchial filaments is a function of oxygen saturation in the environment. Our results do not support the distinction between H. carunculata in the West Atlantic and H. nigrolineata in the East Atlantic. Instead, they re-affirm the older notion that H. carunculata is a cohesive species with a broad distribution across the Atlantic Ocean. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Harlan K. Dean: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): rbt

Title: Revista de Biología Tropical

Abbreviated Title: Rev. biol. trop

Publisher: Universidad de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )

ISSN (Print): 0034-7744

ISSN (Electronic): 0034-7744

Publication date (Print and electronic): March 2017

Volume: 65

Issue: 1

Pages: 127-152

Affiliations

[1] Massachusetts orgnameUniversity of Massachusetts orgdiv1Department of Biology United States harlan.dean@ 123456umb.edu

[2] Massachusetts Massachusetts orgnameHarvard University orgdiv1Department of Invertebrates orgdiv2Museum of Comparative Zoology United States

Article

Publisher ID: S0034-77442017000100127

DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v65i1.14949

SO-VID: 18c6e16d-4f10-4260-ae1b-c06163933c25

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 86, Pages: 26

Product

SciELO Costa Rica

Keywords: intertidal,Polychaeta,mar Caribe,Costa Rica,biodiversidad marina,intermareal,Annelida,Caribbean Sea,marine biodiversity

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Keywords: intertidal, Polychaeta, mar Caribe, Costa Rica, biodiversidad marina, intermareal, Annelida, Caribbean Sea, marine biodiversity

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