Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of distraction osteogenesis

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Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is widely used for bone tissue engineering technology. Immune regulations play important roles in the process of DO like other bone regeneration mechanisms. Compared with others, the immune regulation processes of DO have their distinct features. In this review, we summarized the immune-related events including changes in and effects of immune cells, immune-related cytokines, and signaling pathways at different periods in the process of DO. We aim to elucidated our understanding and unknowns about the immunomodulatory role of DO. The goal of this is to use the known knowledge to further modify existing methods of DO, and to develop novel DO strategies in our unknown areas through more detailed studies of the work we have done.

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Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has a broad effect on cells of the immune system and those not of the immune system and often displays hormone-like characteristics that affect homeostatic processes. IL-6 has context-dependent pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and is now regarded as a prominent target for clinical intervention. However, the signaling cassette that controls the activity of IL-6 is complicated, and distinct intervention strategies can inhibit this pathway. Clinical experience with antagonists of IL-6 has raised new questions about how and when to block this cytokine to improve disease outcome and patient wellbeing. Here we discuss the effect of IL-6 on innate and adaptive immunity and the possible advantages of various antagonists of IL-6 and consider how the immunobiology of IL-6 may inform clinical decisions.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Shu Guo: sguo@cmu.edu.cn

Hongchen Sun: sunhongchen@cmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Oral Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Oral Sci

Title: International Journal of Oral Science

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Print): 1674-2818

ISSN (Electronic): 2049-3169

Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 24 January 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 14

Electronic Location Identifier: 4

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412636.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9485, Department of Plastic Surgery, , The First Hospital of China Medical University, ; Shenyang, China

[2 ]GRID grid.412449.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9678 1884, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, , China Medical University, ; Shenyang, China

[3 ]GRID grid.412636.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9485, Department of Breast Surgery, , The First Hospital of China Medical University, ; Shenyang, China

[4 ]GRID grid.412449.e, ISNI 0000 0000 9678 1884, China Medical University, ; Shenyang, China

Article

Publisher ID: 156

DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00156-y

PMC ID: 8784536

PubMed ID: 35067679

SO-VID: 18c614d7-e4ad-46f8-8070-11384e8293ac

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 13 September 2021

Date revision received : 20 December 2021

Date accepted : 29 December 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China);

Award ID: 81879741

Award ID: 51872332

Award Recipient : Shuaichen Guo Hongchen Sun

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002858, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation;

Award ID: 2020M681020

Award Recipient : Shude Yang

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005047, Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation);

Award ID: 20170541040

Award Recipient : Shuaichen Guo

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: biomedical engineering,bone remodelling

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: biomedical engineering, bone remodelling

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Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of distraction osteogenesis

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Most cited references 137

IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease.

Functions of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone modeling and remodeling.

The biology of fracture healing.

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Cited by 6

Most referenced authors 1,105