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      GERMINACIÓN DEL POLEN DE BERENJENA (Solanum melongena L.) EN CONDICIONES In Vitro Translated title: In Vitro POLLEN GERMINATION OF EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.)

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Se evaluó la viabilidad del polen de berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) mediante el método de germinación in vitro. Botones florales de la variedad Lila criolla con características de pre-antesis fueron colectados de las 07:00 a las 08:00 horas. Los granos de polen fueron extraídos con un vibrador eléctrico y rehidratados en cámara húmeda durante dos horas a temperatura de 25 ºC. Posteriormente, para la germinación en condiciones in vitro, los granos fueron dispersados, utilizando un pincel, en un medio de cultivo constituido por 100 g de sacarosa (C12H22O11), 500 mg de nitrato de calcio [Ca (NO3)2 4H2O], 120 mg de sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4), 100 mg de nitrato de potasio (KNO3) y 120 mg de ácido bórico (H3BO3) disueltos en 1.000 mL de agua destilada. Seguidamente, se agregaron 10 g de agar y el pH fue ajustado a 6,0. El polen fresco fue incubado durante ocho horas con lecturas cada dos horas. Los resultados indican que el método es confiable para cuantificar la viabilidad de granos de polen, ya que después de ocho horas de incubación se logró un 79% de germinación, 0,50 mm de longitud del tubo polínico y 0,0532 mm de diámetro del mismo. Por lo tanto, el uso de polen con ocho horas de almacenamiento es favorable para la producción de semilla híbrida a través de la hibridación artificial, por haber registrado un aumento de germinación de 0,4942% con efecto cuadrático, por cada hora de incubación.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: We assessed the viability of pollen of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using in vitro germination method. The collection of flower buds in pre-anthesis of the Lila criolla variety was carried out in the morning from 07:00 to 08:00 hours. Pollen grains were extracted with an electric vibrator and rehydrated in a humid chamber for two hours at a temperature of 25 ºC. Subsequently, for germination in vitro, were dispersed, using a paintbrush, in a culture medium container 100 g of saccharose (C12H22O11), 500 mg of calcium nitrate [Ca (NO3)2 4H2O], 120 mg of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), 100 mg of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and 120 mg boric acid (H3BO3) dissolved in 1,000 mL of distilled water. Subsequently, it was added 10 g of agar and the pH was adjusted to 6.0. The fresh pollen was incubated in a culture medium for eight hours and observations were made every two hours. The results indicate that the method used is reliable to quantify the viability of pollen grains, because after eight hours of incubation achieved the highest percentage of germination (79%), the pollen tube length was of 0.50 mm and diameter of 0.0532 mm. Therefore, the use of pollen with 8 hours of storage is favorable for hybrid seed production through artificial hybridization, to have been an increase of 0.4942% germination with quadratic effect, for each hour of incubation.

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          High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro- and megagametophyte fertility, induces fruit abortion, and disrupts seed production.

          High temperature stress (HTS), during flowering, decreases seed production in many plants. To determine the effect of a moderate HTS on flowering, fruit and seed set in Brassica napus, plants were exposed to a HTS (8/16 h dark/light, 18 degrees C night, ramped at 2 degrees C h-1, over 6 h, to 35 degrees C for 4 h, ramped at 2 degrees C h-1 back to 23 degrees C for 6 h) for 1 or 2 weeks after the initiation of flowering. Although flowering on the HTS-treated plants, during both the 1 week and 2 week HTS treatments, was equal to that of control-grown plants, fruit and seed development, as well as seed weight, were significantly reduced. Under HTS, flowers either developed into seedless, parthenocarpic fruit or aborted on the stem. At the cessation of the HTS, plants compensated for the lack of fruit and seed production by increasing the number of lateral inflorescences produced. During the HTS, pollen viability and germinability were slightly reduced. In vitro pollen tube growth at 35 degrees C, from both control pollen and pollen developed under a HTS, appeared abnormal, however, in vivo tube growth to the micropyle appeared normal. Reciprocal pollination of HTS or control pistils with HTS or control pollen indicated that the combined effects of HTS on both micro- and megagametophytes was required to knock out fruit and seed development. Expression profiles for a subset of HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs (HSP101, HSP70, HSP17.6) showed that both micro- and megagametophytes were thermosensitive despite HTS-induced expression from these genes.
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            Novo Manual de Olericultura: agrotecnologia moderna na produção e comercialização de hortaliças

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              Differences in in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of cotton cultivars in response to high temperature.

              * High-temperature environments with >30 degrees C during flowering reduce boll retention and yield in cotton. Therefore, identification of cotton cultivars with high-temperature tolerance would be beneficial in both current and future climates. * Response to temperature (10-45 degrees C at 5 degrees C intervals) of pollen germination and pollen tube growth was quantified, and their relationship to cell membrane thermostability was studied in 12 cultivars. A principal component analysis was carried out to classify the genotypes for temperature tolerance. * Pollen germination and pollen tube length of the cultivars ranged from 20 to 60 % and 411 to 903 microm, respectively. A modified bilinear model best described the response to temperature of pollen germination and pollen tube length. Cultivar variation existed for cardinal temperatures (T(min), T(opt) and T(max)) of pollen germination percentage and pollen tube growth. Mean cardinal temperatures calculated from the bilinear model for the 12 cultivars were 15.0, 31.8 and 43.3 degrees C for pollen germination and 11.9, 28.6 and 42.9 degrees C for pollen tube length. No significant correlations were found between pollen parameters and leaf membrane thermostability. Cultivars were classified into four groups based on principal component analysis. * Based on principal component analysis, it is concluded that higher pollen germination percentages and longer pollen tubes under optimum conditions and with optimum temperatures above 32 degrees C for pollen germination would indicate tolerance to high temperature.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rfnam
                Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín
                Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín
                Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0304-2847
                June 2012
                : 65
                : 2
                : 6637-6643
                Affiliations
                [03] Montería orgnameAsistente Técnico Particular
                [02] Montería orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica y Desarrollo Rural Colombia
                [01] Montería orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica y Desarrollo Rural Colombia
                Article
                S0304-28472012000200008
                18c03a22-284d-4a5a-b536-bef8a6845bae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 April 2012
                : 07 December 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos

                artificial hybridization,Semilla híbrida,hibridación artificial,viabilidad del polen,fisiología de semillas,Hybrid seed,viability of pollen,seed physiology

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