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      Prevalence of Third Molar Agenesis: Associated Dental Anomalies in Non-Syndromic 5923 Patients

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of third molar agenesis and other associated dental anomalies in Bangladeshi population and to investigate the relationship of other dental anomalies with the third molar presence/agenesis. A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 5923 patients, who ranged in age from 10 to 50 years. All radiographs were analyzed by Planmeca Romexis® 3.0 software (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Pearson chi-square and one way ANOVA (Post Hoc) test were conducted. The prevalence of third molar agenesis was 38.4%. The frequency of third molar agenesis was significantly higher in females than males ( p <0.025). Third molar agenesis was significantly more prevalent in maxilla as compared to mandible ( p <0.007). The prevalence of other dental anomalies was 6.5%, among them hypodontia was 3.1%. Prevalence of third molar agenesis varies in different geographic region. Among the other dental anomalies hypodontia was more prevalent.

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          Most cited references26

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          Third molar outcomes from age 18 to 26: findings from a population-based New Zealand longitudinal study.

          The purpose of this study was to describe the presence and impaction status of people's third molars at age 18 years, as well as the observed changes in their clinical status between ages 18 and 26 years. Eight hundred twenty-one participants in a prospective cohort study were dentally examined at ages 18 and 26 years, and panoramic radiographs were taken at age 18 years but not at 26 years. For each tooth, its radiographic impaction status at age 18 years was compared with the clinical status by age 26 years. Of the 2857 third molars assessed at age 18 years, 92.8% were able to be followed up clinically at age 26 years. Approximately 54.9% of the teeth that were not impacted by age 18 had erupted by 26 years. Of the teeth that were impacted by age 18, 33.7% had fully erupted by age 26, 31.4% had been extracted, and 13.1% remained unerupted. Of the maxillary teeth that were categorized as "impacted" at age 18 years, 36.2% had fully erupted by age 26, whereas only 25.6% of the mandibular teeth had done so (P <.01). Fewer mandibular teeth than maxillary teeth remained unerupted by the time the patient was 26 years old (27.4% and 41.4%, respectively; P <.01), but there was no significant difference between the jaws in the proportion of impacted teeth at age 18 years that had been extracted by age 26 years (29.6% and 30.3%, respectively). For mesioangularly impacted third molars, 39.3% of maxillary teeth and 20.4% of mandibular teeth had fully erupted by age 26. Of the third molars that were mesioangularly impacted at age 18 years, 39.3% of maxillary teeth and 20.4% of mandibular teeth had fully erupted by age 26 years, whereas almost one-third of each had been extracted. Of the distoangularly impacted third molars, 20.4% of the maxillary teeth and one-third of the mandibular teeth had erupted by age 26, with 21.6% of the maxillary teeth and 31.6% of the mandibular teeth having been extracted. Other than horizontally impacted third molars, a substantial proportion of other impaction types do erupt fully, and radiographically apparent impaction in late adolescence should not be sufficient grounds for their prophylactic removal in the absence of other clinical indications.
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            Morphologic and Demographic Predictors of Third Molar Agenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

            We aimed to consolidate all available data on worldwide third molar agenesis frequencies, with a particular emphasis on exploring the factors leading authors to find contradictory results for the demographic and morphologic predictors of this anomaly. A total of 12,376 studies were originally identified, then narrowed down to 1,312 for title/abstract screening. On the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 92 studies, containing 100 effect sizes and 63,314 subjects, for systematic review and metaregression. The worldwide rate of agenesis was found to be 22.63% (95% confidence interval = 20.64% to 24.76%), although the estimates ranged from 5.32% to 56.0%. Our subgroup analyses revealed that women are 14% more likely than men to have agenesis of ≥1 third molars and that maxillary agenesis was 36% more likely than mandibular agenesis in both sexes. Furthermore, we found that having agenesis of 1 or 2 molars was most common, while agenesis of 3 or 4 molars was least common. Finally, we found large differences among agenesis frequency depending on geographic region. This information is expected to be of use not only to clinicians and patients but also to policy makers, given the implications for third molar extraction protocols.
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              Frequency of agenesis, impaction, angulation, and related pathologic changes of third molar teeth in orthodontic patients.

              The objectives of the present study were to investigate the frequency of impaction, agenesis, angular position, and related pathologic changes of third molar teeth in a group of orthodontic patients. Our sample included the panoramic radiographs of 351 orthodontic patients aged 20 to 26 years (mean 22.8). The descriptive characteristics of agenesis, impaction, angular position, and pathologic changes of third molars were recorded. The chi(2) test was used for analysis. The proportion of third molar agenesis was 17.3% with no statistically significant gender differences (18.4% for women and 15.8% for men). The frequency of impacted third molars (ITMs) was 35.9% (24.2% in men and 45.0% in women; P < .05). The frequency of maxillary ITMs was 43.2% (192 of 444 teeth), and the frequency of mandibular ITMs was 56.8% (252 of 444 teeth). The position observed most often was mesioangular inclination, with a frequency of 50.0%. Only 10.4% of the ITM teeth were affected by any pathologic changes, and most of these changes were associated with the horizontal position. The present results showed that agenesis accounted for 17.3% and impaction for 35.9% of the pathologic features in this group of Turkish orthodontic patients aged 20 to 26 years of age. Mesioangular inclination was seen in 50.0%, and a small proportion (10.4%) had pathologic changes of the ITMs. Copyright 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                31 August 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 8
                : e0162070
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
                [2 ]Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
                Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, INDIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Data curation: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Formal analysis: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Funding acquisition: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Investigation: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Methodology: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Project administration: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Resources: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Software: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Supervision: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Validation: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Visualization: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Writing – original draft: MKS MKA SAR.

                • Writing – review & editing: MKS MKA SAR.

                Article
                PONE-D-16-16779
                10.1371/journal.pone.0162070
                5006966
                27580050
                18b889da-7e96-4ca4-b289-c2d628235f77
                © 2016 Sujon et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 26 April 2016
                : 17 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Pages: 9
                Funding
                Sujon Mamun Khan has been awarded USM fellowship and is thankful for the financial support provided throughout his studies and we also grateful to USM Grant (RU-Grant 1001/PPSG/812154) by Universiti Sains Malaysia. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Molars
                Medicine and Health Sciences
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