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      Validation of the Omron HEM-7320-LA, upper arm blood pressure monitor with Intelli Wrap Technology Cuff HEM-FL1 for self-measurement and clinic use according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 in the Mexican population

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Omron HEM-7320-LA with Intelli Wrap technology cuff HEM-FL1 for self-measurement and clinic blood pressure (BP) measurement according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010.

          Participants and methods

          The evaluation was performed in 39 individuals. The mean age of the participants was 47.9±14 years; systolic BP was 145.2±24.3 mmHg (range: 97–190), diastolic BP was 90.9±12.9 mmHg (range: 68–120), and arm circumference was 30.8±4 cm (range: 25–38.5).

          Results

          The device successfully fulfilled the established criteria of the validation protocol. The device overestimated systolic BP by 0.6±5.7 mmHg and diastolic BP by 2.2±5.1 mmHg. The specially designed cuff HEM-FL1 to cover a broad range of arm circumferences and self-placement fulfilled the requirements of the International Protocol.

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          2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension.

          Judith Whitworth (2003)
          Hypertension is estimated to cause 4.5% of current global disease burden and is as prevalent in many developing countries, as in the developed world. Blood pressure-induced cardiovascular risk rises continuously across the whole blood pressure range. Countries vary widely in capacity for management of hypertension, but worldwide the majority of diagnosed hypertensives are inadequately controlled. This statement addresses the ascertainment of overall cardiovascular risk to establish thresholds for initiation and goals of treatment, appropriate treatment strategies for non-drug and drug therapies, and cost-effectiveness of treatment. Since publication of the WHO/ISH Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in 1999, more evidence has become available to support a systolic blood pressure threshold of 140 mmHg for even 'low-risk' patients. In high-risk patients there is evidence for lower thresholds. Lifestyle modification is recommended for all individuals. There is evidence that specific agents have benefits for patients with particular compelling indications, and that monotherapy is inadequate for the majority of patients. For patients without a compelling indication for a particular drug class, on the basis of comparative trial data, availability, and cost, a low dose of diuretic should be considered for initiation of therapy. In most places a thiazide diuretic is the cheapest option and thus most cost effective, but for compelling indications where other classes provide additional benefits, even if more expensive, they may be more cost effective. In high-risk patients who attain large benefits from treatment, expensive drugs may be cost effective, but in low-risk patients treatment may not be cost-effective unless the drugs are cheap.
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            Worldwide prevalence of hypertension: a systematic review.

            Patricia Kearney, Megan Whelton, Kristi Reynolds … (2004)
            To examine the prevalence and the level of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in different world regions. A literature search of the MEDLINE database, using the Medical Subject Headings prevalence, hypertension, blood pressure and cross-sectional studies, was conducted. Published studies, which reported the prevalence of hypertension and were conducted in representative population samples, were included in the review. The search was restricted to studies published from January 1980 through July 2003. All data were extracted independently by two investigators using a standardized protocol and data collection form. The reported prevalence of hypertension varied around the world, with the lowest prevalence in rural India (3.4% in men and 6.8% in women) and the highest prevalence in Poland (68.9% in men and 72.5% in women). Awareness of hypertension was reported for 46% of the studies and varied from 25.2% in Korea to 75% in Barbados; treatment varied from 10.7% in Mexico to 66% in Barbados and control (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg while on antihypertensive medication) varied from 5.4% in Korea to 58% in Barbados. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in both economically developing and developed countries. Significant numbers of individuals with hypertension are unaware of their condition and, among those with diagnosed hypertension, treatment is frequently inadequate. Measures are required at a population level to prevent the development of hypertension and to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the community.
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              Barriers to management of cardiovascular risk in a low-resource setting using hypertension as an entry point.

              Shanthi Mendis, Dele Abegunde, Olulola Oladapo … (2004)
              Assess capacity of health-care facilities in a low-resource setting to implement the absolute risk approach for assessment of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients and effective management of hypertension. A descriptive cross-sectional study in Egbeda and Oluyole local government areas of Oyo State in Nigeria in 56 randomly selected primary- (n = 42) and secondary-level (n = 2) health-care and private health-care (n = 12) facilities. One thousand consecutive, known hypertensives attending the selected facilities for follow-up, and health-care providers working in the above randomly selected facilities, were interviewed. About two-thirds of hypertensives utilized primary-care centers both for diagnosis and for follow-up. Laboratory and other investigations to exclude secondary hypertension or to assess target organ damage were not available in the majority of facilities, particularly in primary care. A considerable knowledge and awareness gap related to hypertension and its complications was found, both among patients and health-care providers. Blood pressure control rates were poor (28% with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg] and drug prescription patterns were not evidence based and cost effective. The majority of patients (73%) in this low socio-economic group (mean monthly income 73 US dollars) had to pay fully, out of their own pocket, for consultations and medications. If the absolute risk approach for assessment of risk and effective management of hypertension is to be implemented in low-resource settings, appropriate policy measures need to be taken to improve the competency of health-care providers, to provide basic laboratory facilities and to develop affordable financing mechanisms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Press Monit
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Blood Press Monit
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MBP
                Title: Blood Pressure Monitoring
                Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
                ISSN (Print): 1359-5237
                ISSN (Electronic): 1473-5725
                Publication date (Print): December 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 September 2017
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 375-378
                Affiliations
                Arterial Stiffness Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Carlos G. Ramos-Becerra, PhD, MD, Sierra Mojada 950, Building P, First Floor, District Independencia, PC 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Tel: +33 1058 5200 x33642/34215; fax: +52 333 825 2848;e-mails: carlos.ramos@ 123456cucs.udg.mx , md_crb@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000290
                PMC ID: 5680989
                PubMed ID: 28945665
                SO-VID: 187b29b0-1fa9-4d30-ad6d-51dec2d88a73
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 3 July 2017
                Date revision received : 17 August 2017
                Date accepted : 19 August 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Devices and Technology
                Custom metadata
                OPEN-ACCESS TRUE

                Keywords: diagnostic errors,home blood pressure monitoring,oscillometry,self-blood pressure monitoring
                Data availability:
                Keywords: diagnostic errors, home blood pressure monitoring, oscillometry, self-blood pressure monitoring

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