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      Sífilis Congênita como Indicador de Assistência Pré-natal Translated title: Congenital Syphilis as a Prenatal Care Marker

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: estudar a prevalência de sífilis congênita (SC) em um hospital universitário da região sul do Brasil, destacando seu papel como indicador de qualidade da assistência pré-natal. Método: estudo descritivo dos casos de SC ocorridos no HG-UCS, no período de 1 de junho de 2000 a 31 de maio de 2001, com base nos critérios diagnósticos propostos pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 1998). Resultados: a prevalência de sífilis congênita observada foi de 1,5% (27 casos em 1739 nascimentos). O coeficiente de SC encontrado foi de 15,5 casos por 1000 nascidos vivos. Das 23 gestantes (85,2%) que relataram acompanhamento pré-natal prévio, em apenas 16 (69,6%) casos o diagnóstico de sífilis materna foi realizado antes do parto. Somente 4 gestantes (17,4%) foram adequadamente tratadas durante o pré-natal, de modo a prevenir a transmissão vertical da doença. Em 8 casos (29,6%) constatou-se a associação da sífilis materna com outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. O coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal por SC foi de 1,15 por 1000 nascidos vivos (2 mortes perinatais). Conclusões: os autores reafirmam a importância da SC como indicador de saúde perinatal, visto ser uma doença totalmente passível de prevenção durante o pré-natal. A elevada prevalência de SC observada permite questionar a qualidade da atenção pré-natal disponível à população estudada.

          Translated abstract

          Purpose: to study the prevalence of congenital syphilis in a universitary hospital of the south of Brazil, emphasizing its role as a prenatal care marker. Patients and Method: a descriptive study of the congenital syphilis cases which occurred at the Hospital Geral (HG-UCS) from June 1st, 2000 to May 31st, 2001, based on the diagnosis criteria proposed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 1998). Results: The prevalence of congenital syphilis was 1.5 (27 cases in 1739 births). The coefficient of congenital syphilis observed was 15.5/1000 newborns. Twenty-three pregnant women (85.2%) received prenatal care; however, the maternal infection with syphilis was diagnosed before the delivery in only 16 (69.6%) cases. Only 4 pregnant women reported an appropriate prenatal treatment of syphilis. In 8 (29.6%) cases an association of maternal syphilis with other sexually transmissible diseases was observed. The coefficient of perinatal mortality was 1.15/1000 births (two perinatal deaths). Conclusions: The authors reaffirm the importance of congenital syphilis as an indicator of perinatal health, since it is a disease that may be completely prevented by prenatal care. In addition, a high prevalence of congenital syphilis allows one to question the quality of the prenatal care, which was available to the studied group.

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          Guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases

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            Apparent failure of one injection of benzathine penicillin G for syphilis during pregnancy in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative African women.

            Syphilis remains a major cause of premature birth, fetal and perinatal death, and congenital syphilis in South Africa, despite systematic antenatal screening by rapid plasma reagin and treatment with 2.4 million U of benzathine penicillin G. To determine whether one injection of 2.4 million of U of benzathine penicillin G, as recommended by the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, is sufficient treatment for early syphilis during pregnancy. Outcome of pregnancy was prospectively analyzed after zero to three weekly intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G in 180 of 212 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative black urban women with syphilis in Pretoria, South Africa. One hundred eight women receiving two or three weekly intra-gluteal injections of benzathine penicillin G had a favorable pregnancy outcome. However, after only one injection, lower birth weight, increased immaturity, prematurity, and total preterm birth rate resulted. Total pregnancy loss and perinatal mortality were also increased. After exclusion of patients treated with oral penicillin derivatives and adjustment for the estimated duration of treponemicidal levels at 3 weeks after injection, the perinatal outcome was reanalyzed. Treponemicidal coverage of 3 weeks or less resulted in decreased birth weight (2,748 vs. 3,130 g, P = 0.004) compared with treponemicidal coverage lasting longer than 3 weeks. In addition, the relative risks for prematurity (relative risk [RR], 8.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.5-28), perinatal mortality (RR, 20.5; CI95, 2.3-184), and congenital syphilis (RR 2.0; CI95-0.6-6.8) were increased when coverage was less then 3 weeks. These results were comparable to those obtained when no treatment was given. Most of the incompletely treated women delivered at less than 4 weeks after they received their injection. These also had the worst neonatal outcome. Impaired outcome due to short treatment clustered in early attenders of prenatal care (before the 28th week of gestation) and when the initial rapid plasma reagin titer was higher than 16. Although numbers were small for a firm conclusion, incompletely treated and untreated women who had taken intercurrent oral ampicillin had an improved birth weight, lower prematurity rate, and lower fetal rate. One intramuscular injection of 2.4 million U benzathine penicillin G or treponemicidal concentrations lasting 3 weeks or less is not sufficient therapy for pregnant women with syphilis. Although fetal outcome is clearly improved at birth with more than one injection, without follow-up of the neonates, complete cure cannot be predicted from these data. To obtain treponemicidal activity for longer than 3 weeks, the authors recommend administration of two injections of 2.4 million U benzathine penicillin at least 1 week apart, if possible at 4 weeks or more before delivery. This therapy is especially important for patients who attend prenatal care before 28 weeks of pregnancy or when the rapid plasma reagin titer is higher than 16.
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              Congenital syphilis: detection of Treponema pallidum in stillborns.

              Paraffin-embedded tissue from all 17 autopsies performed following 56 stillbirths associated with maternal syphilis during a 3-year period (1987-1989) was reexamined to compare immunofluorescent antigen (IFA) testing with silver staining for the detection of Treponema pallidum. Congenital syphilis (CS) originally was diagnosed in 9 of the 17 cases of stillbirth, on the basis of positive silver stains (7 cases) or morphological findings alone (2). Upon review, silver staining revealed T. pallidum in 10 of 17 cases and IFA testing revealed the pathogen in 15 of 17 cases, enabling diagnosis of CS in 16 of 17 cases of stillbirth associated with a reactive maternal rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test. Most stillbirths associated with a reactive maternal RPR test during this time period involved CS, and IFA testing for T. pallidum is superior to silver staining for the identification of treponemes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-7203
                1806-9339
                December 2001
                : 23
                : 10
                : 647-652
                Affiliations
                [01] Caxias do Sul RS orgnameUniversidade de Caxias do Sul orgdiv1HG-UCS orgdiv2Serviço de Obstetrícia dlorenzi@ 123456zaz.com.br
                Article
                S0100-72032001001000006 S0100-7203(01)02301006
                18466c3d-a88f-4a00-a2e7-d3814300f44f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

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                Categories
                Trabalhos Originais

                Congenital syphilis,Sexually transmitted diseases,Sífilis congênita,Syphilis,Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis,Sífilis

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