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      Prevalence of middle mesial canal in mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography technique

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          Abstract

          Background:

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of middle mesial canal in mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

          Materials and Methods:

          In this descriptive study, a total of 768 radiographs of mandibular first molars, 384 for males and 384 for females, taken at a private radiology center in Isfahan, were assessed for the presence of middle mesial canal based on the gender of the patients. All samples had been prepared by one CBCT machine. The images were evaluated by endodontists and radiologists. Then, the morphology of first molar mesial root canals was assessed by Vertucci classification, and the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS software using a Chi-square test. The comparison was considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.

          Results:

          Twenty-four samples (3.13%) had a middle mesial canal. The prevalence rates of the middle mesial canal in the females and males were found to be 9 and 15 (2.35% vs. 3.92%), respectively, indicating no statistically significant difference ( P = 0.21). Of 24 teeth with middle mesial canal, 17 samples (70.8%) were of Type XII and 7 samples (29.2%) were of Type VIII. There was no statistically significant difference between genders with regard to the prevalence of different types of middle mesial canals ( P = 0.19).

          Conclusion:

          The prevalence of the middle mesial canal was rather low in this study, and it is necessary to detect additional canals in the patients under root canal treatment.

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          Most cited references15

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          Root anatomy and canal configuration of the permanent mandibular first molar: a systematic review.

          Nestor Cohenca, Archie Pablo, R Estévez … (2010)
          The main goal of endodontic therapy is to prevent or heal apical periodontitis. However, root canal anatomy might present a clinical challenge directly related to the treatment outcome. The purpose of this study was to review published literature related to root anatomy and root canal configuration of the permanent mandibular first molar. An exhaustive search was undertaken to identify published literature related to the root anatomy and root canal morphology of the permanent mandibular first molar by using key words. The search of the MEDLINE database included all publications from 1966-May 2010. Selected articles were then obtained and reviewed. Data evaluated and summarized in the data sheet included methodology, population, number of teeth per study (power), number of root canals, type of root canal configuration, and identification of number of apical foramina. Forty-one studies were identified including a total of 18,781 teeth. The incidence of a third root was 13% and was strongly correlated with the ethnicity of the studied population. Three canals were present in 61.3%, 4 canals in 35.7%, and 5 canals in approximately 1%. Root canal configuration of the mesial root revealed 2 canals in 94.4% and 3 canals in 2.3%. The most common canal system configuration was Vertucci type IV (52.3%), followed by type II (35%). Root canal configuration of the distal root revealed type I configuration in 62.7%, followed by types II (14.5%) and IV (12.4%). The presence of isthmus communications averaged 54.8% on the mesial and 20.2% on the distal root. The number of roots on the mandibular first molar is directly related to ethnicity. Root canal morphology and configuration might present the clinician with a complex anatomy requiring more diagnostic approaches, access modifications, and clinical skills to successfully localize, negotiate, disinfect, and seal the root canal system. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 114 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Root and canal morphology of Thai mandibular molars.

            A Opasanon, Ali A. Alavi, K Gulabivala … (2001)
            To investigate the root and canal morphology of 351 mandibular permanent molars collected from an indigenous Thai population. The cleaned teeth were accessed, the pulp dissolved by sodium hypochlorite under ultrasonication and the pulp system injected with Indian ink. The teeth were rendered clear by demineralization and immersion in methyl salicylate. The following observations were made: (i) number of roots and their morphology; (ii) number of root canals per tooth; (iii) number of root canals per root; (iv) root canal configuration in each root using Vertucci's classification, with additional modifications; and (v) presence and location of lateral canals and intercanal communications. Of 118 mandibular first molars, 13% had a third disto-lingual root. In three-rooted teeth, 80% of the main distal roots and 100% of the disto-lingual roots had type 1 canal systems. Of 60 mandibular second molars, 10% had C-shaped roots, the majority of which had type 1 (33%) or type IV (33%) canal systems. Of 173 third molars, 68% had two separate roots, 20% had fused roots and 11% had a single C-shaped root; the majority had two canals (61%). This study suggests that Thai molars exhibit features of both Caucasian and Chinese teeth.
            Article 0 comments Cited 54 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Investigation of the root canal configurations of mandibular permanent teeth in the Turkish population.

              V Aslanalp, S Sert, J Tanalp (2004)
              To investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent teeth collected from an indigenous Turkish population. A total of 1400 extracted mandibular permanent teeth were evaluated. The teeth were divided into seven groups as central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars in order to evaluate their root canal configurations. Access cavities were prepared and pulp tissue removed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. The teeth were stored in 5% nitric acid solution for 5 days, then rinsed under running water for 4 h and placed in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol. The teeth were rendered transparent by immersion in xylene solution for 3 days until complete transparency was achieved. Following this procedure, India ink was injected in the root canal systems and their configurations were examined and compared with the classification of Vertucci. The following observations were made: (i) root canal classification of mandibular teeth; (ii) morphology of the mandibular permanent teeth. The classification of Vertucci was taken as a reference during the evaluation; however additional canal morphological types were evaluated as separate groups. The presence of a second canal was detected in 68% of mandibular central incisors and 63% of lateral incisors. Lateral canals were found in 6.5% of mandibular central incisors and in 13% of lateral incisors. Overall, 62% of mandibular first premolar teeth had a single canal whereas 71% of second premolars had a single canal. The mandibular first and second molar teeth exhibited similar root canal configurations except for a group of second molar teeth that had a single root and canal. The morphological characteristics of teeth in this Turkish population were consistent with those of other studies performed on different populations using similar methodology.
              Article 0 comments Cited 49 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dent Res J (Isfahan)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dent Res J (Isfahan)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DRJ
                Title: Dental Research Journal
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 1735-3327
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-0255
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 June 2021
                Volume: 18
                Electronic Location Identifier: 42
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                [2 ]Department of Endodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                [4 ]Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
                [5 ]Dentist, Private Practice, Isfahan, Iran
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Hamid Razavian, Department of Endodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: hamidrazavian@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: DRJ-18-42
                DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.318937
                PMC ID: 8351947
                PubMed ID: 34429862
                SO-VID: 182e424e-82e5-427f-811f-647fba20e87c
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2021 Dental Research Journal
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 24 November 2019
                Date revision received : 08 March 2020
                Date accepted : 03 May 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: cone-beam computed tomography,root canal preparation,root canal therapy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: cone-beam computed tomography, root canal preparation, root canal therapy

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