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      Lignes directrices quant à la prise en charge des patientes en obstétrique chez lesquelles la présence du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) est soupçonnée ou probable, et des nouveau-nés issus de ces patientes

      research-article
      , MD , MD , MD , MD COMITÉ DE MÉDECINE FOETO-MATERNELLE
      Role: président
      Role: inf.aut.
      COMITÉ SUR LES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES
      Role: président
      Role: sage-femme aut.
      Role: inf. aut.
      Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
      Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc.
      Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pregnancy, perinatal morbidity, perinatal mortality, maternal morbidity, maternal mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), neonatal care

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          Résumé

          Objectif

          Le présent document résume notre expérience limitée quant à la présence du SRAS pendant la grossesse et suggère des lignes directrices quant à sa prise en charge.

          Issues

          Les exposés de cas issus d’Asie laissent entendre que les issues maternelles et fœtales sont aggravées par la présence du SRAS pendant la grossesse.

          Résultats

          Des recherches ont été menées dans Medline afin d’en tirer les articles pertinents publiés en anglais entre 2000 et 2007. Des exposés de cas ont été analysés et nous avons sollicité l’opinion de spécialistes.

          Valeurs

          Les recommandations ont été formulées conformément aux lignes directrices élaborées par le Groupe d’étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs.

          Commanditaire

          La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada.

          Recommandations

          • 1.

            Tous les hôpitaux devraient mettre en œuvre des systèmes de prévention des infections, afin de s’assurer que des alertes au sujet des modifications que connaissent les facteurs de risque d’exposition au SRAS ou à d’autres maladies transmissibles potentiellement graves sont communiquées sans tarder aux unités cliniques, y compris l’unité de travail et d’accouchement. (III-C)

          • 2.

            En présence d’une éclosion de SRAS, toutes les patientes enceintes évaluées ou admises à l’hôpital devraient faire l’objet d’un dépistage des symptômes et des facteurs de risque du SRAS. (III-C)

          • 3.

            À leur arrivée au sein de l’unité de triage quant au travail, les patientes enceintes chez lesquelles la présence du SRAS est soupçonnée et probable devraient être placées dans une salle d’isolement dotée d’un système de ventilation à pression négative comptant au moins six renouvellements d’air à l’heure. Toutes les unités de travail et d’accouchement offrant des soins à des patientes chez lesquelles la présence du SRAS est soupçonnée et probable devraient disposer d’au moins une salle dans laquelle ces patientes peuvent connaître leur travail et leur accouchement en toute sûreté, et ce, malgré la nécessité d’assurer un isolement aérogène. (III-C)

          • 4.

            Dans la mesure du possible, le travail et l’accouchement (y compris l’accouchement opératoire ou la césarienne) devraient être pris en charge, dans une salle d’isolement désignée dotée d’un système de ventilation à pression négative, par du personnel désigné disposant d’une tenue de protection et d’une formation spécialisée en prévention des infections. (III-C)

          • 5.

            Tant l’anesthésie régionale que générale peuvent s’avérer adéquates pour l’accouchement des patientes atteintes du SRAS. (III-C)

          • 6.

            Les nouveau-nés issus de mères atteintes du SRAS devraient être isolés au sein d’une unité désignée jusqu’à ce que leur état ait été satisfaisant pendant 10 jours ou jusqu’à ce que la période d’isolement de la mère ait pris fin. La mère ne devrait pas allaiter pendant cette période. (III-C)

          • 7.

            Une équipe multidisciplinaire (comprenant des obstétriciens, des infirmières, des pédiatres, des spécialistes de la prévention des infections, des inhalothérapeutes et des anesthésiologistes) devrait être nommée au sein de chaque unité et être responsable de l’organisation et de la mise en œuvre des protocoles de prise en charge du SRAS de l’unité. (III-C)

          • 8.

            Le personnel offrant des soins aux patientes enceintes atteintes du SRAS ne devraient pas offrir leurs services aux autres patientes enceintes. Le personnel offrant des soins aux patientes enceintes atteintes du SRAS devraient activement faire l’objet d’une surveillance visant la fièvre et d’autres symptômes du SRAS. Ces personnes ne devraient pas travailler en présence de tout symptôme du SRAS se manifestant dans les 10 jours suivant une exposition à un patient atteint du SRAS. (III-C)

          • 9.

            Tous les professionnels des soins de santé, les résidents et les membres du personnel de soutien devraient bénéficier d’une formation sur la prise en charge et le confinement des infections afin de prévenir la propagation du virus du SRAS. (III-A)

          • 10.

            Les autorités sanitaires régionales, conjointement avec le personnel hospitalier, devraient envisager la désignation d’établissements ou d’unités de soins de santé particulières (y compris des centres de soins primaires, secondaires ou tertiaires) en ce qui concerne l’offre de soins aux patients atteints du SRAS ou de maladies semblables. (III-A)

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          Most cited references25

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

          The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has recently been identified as a new clinical entity. SARS is thought to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Clinical specimens from patients with SARS were searched for unknown viruses with the use of cell cultures and molecular techniques. A novel coronavirus was identified in patients with SARS. The virus was isolated in cell culture, and a sequence 300 nucleotides in length was obtained by a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based random-amplification procedure. Genetic characterization indicated that the virus is only distantly related to known coronaviruses (identical in 50 to 60 percent of the nucleotide sequence). On the basis of the obtained sequence, conventional and real-time PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of the novel virus were established. Virus was detected in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with SARS but not in controls. High concentrations of viral RNA of up to 100 million molecules per milliliter were found in sputum. Viral RNA was also detected at extremely low concentrations in plasma during the acute phase and in feces during the late convalescent phase. Infected patients showed seroconversion on the Vero cells in which the virus was isolated. The novel coronavirus might have a role in causing SARS. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
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            A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

            A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with exposures originating from a single ill health care worker from Guangdong Province, China. We conducted studies to identify the etiologic agent of this outbreak. We received clinical specimens from patients in seven countries and tested them, using virus-isolation techniques, electron-microscopical and histologic studies, and molecular and serologic assays, in an attempt to identify a wide range of potential pathogens. None of the previously described respiratory pathogens were consistently identified. However, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients who met the case definition of SARS. Cytopathological features were noted in Vero E6 cells inoculated with a throat-swab specimen. Electron-microscopical examination revealed ultrastructural features characteristic of coronaviruses. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed reactivity with group I coronavirus polyclonal antibodies. Consensus coronavirus primers designed to amplify a fragment of the polymerase gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to obtain a sequence that clearly identified the isolate as a unique coronavirus only distantly related to previously sequenced coronaviruses. With specific diagnostic RT-PCR primers we identified several identical nucleotide sequences in 12 patients from several locations, a finding consistent with a point-source outbreak. Indirect fluorescence antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays made with the new isolate have been used to demonstrate a virus-specific serologic response. This virus may never before have circulated in the U.S. population. A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the evidence indicates that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS. Because of the death of Dr. Carlo Urbani, we propose that our first isolate be named the Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
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              Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada.

              Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a condition of unknown cause that has recently been recognized in patients in Asia, North America, and Europe. This report summarizes the initial epidemiologic findings, clinical description, and diagnostic findings that followed the identification of SARS in Canada. SARS was first identified in Canada in early March 2003. We collected epidemiologic, clinical, and diagnostic data from each of the first 10 cases prospectively as they were identified. Specimens from all cases were sent to local, provincial, national, and international laboratories for studies to identify an etiologic agent. The patients ranged from 24 to 78 years old; 60 percent were men. Transmission occurred only after close contact. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (in 100 percent of cases) and malaise (in 70 percent), followed by nonproductive cough (in 100 percent) and dyspnea (in 80 percent) associated with infiltrates on chest radiography (in 100 percent). Lymphopenia (in 89 percent of those for whom data were available), elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (in 80 percent), elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels (in 78 percent), and elevated creatinine kinase levels (in 56 percent) were common. Empirical therapy most commonly included antibiotics, oseltamivir, and intravenous ribavirin. Mechanical ventilation was required in five patients. Three patients died, and five have had clinical improvement. The results of laboratory investigations were negative or not clinically significant except for the amplification of human metapneumovirus from respiratory specimens from five of nine patients and the isolation and amplification of a novel coronavirus from five of nine patients. In four cases both pathogens were isolated. SARS is a condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It appears to be of viral origin, with patterns suggesting droplet or contact transmission. The role of human metapneumovirus, a novel coronavirus, or both requires further investigation. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Obstet Gynaecol Can
                J Obstet Gynaecol Can
                Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
                Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc.
                1701-2163
                1701-2163
                24 February 2016
                April 2009
                24 February 2016
                : 31
                : 4
                : 365-372
                Affiliations
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Vancouver (C.-B.)
                Vancouver (C.-B.)
                Vancouver (C.-B.)
                Montréal (Québec)
                Winnipeg (Man.)
                Windsor (Ont.)
                Sherbrooke (Québec)
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Montréal (Québec)
                Vancouver (C.-B.)
                Montréal (Québec)
                Ottawa (Ont.)
                Vancouver (C.-B.)
                Toronto (Ont.)
                Trois-Rivières (Québec)
                Halifax (N.-É.)
                Halifax (N.-É.)
                Vancouver (C.-B.)
                Ottawa (Ont.)
                Article
                S1701-2163(16)34156-1
                10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34156-1
                7128647
                17ef3057-bf4b-414f-89f9-f485e44c98a7
                © 2009 Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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                Article

                severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars),pregnancy,perinatal morbidity,perinatal mortality,maternal morbidity,maternal mortality,acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards),neonatal care

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