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      Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de brucelosis y leptospirosis en cerdos en comunidades rurales de Argentina

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de brucelosis y leptospirosis en cerdos de granjas de pequeña escala en áreas rurales del partido de Tandil, Argentina; analizar los factores de riesgo asociados; describir los serogrupos de Leptospira spp. prevalentes y determinar la distribución espacial de ambas enfermedades. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron 340 muestras de suero. Se utilizaron la prueba de aglutinación en placa, la prueba de Rosa de Bengala y el Test de Polarización de la Fluorescencia para detectar anticuerpos contra Brucella spp. Se aplicó la Prueba de Aglutinación Microscópica para el diagnóstico de leptospirosis. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para evaluar los factores asociados a las infecciones. Resultados. Se observaron seroprevalencias de 0 y 22,6% para brucelosis y leptospirosis, respectivamente. Los serogrupos de Leptospira más prevalentes fueron: Canicola, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae y Pomona. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por leptospirosis fueron el mayor número de cerdos, la presencia de equinos y la presencia de jabalíes cerca o dentro de las granjas. Se asoció el uso de subproductos de cereal como alimento para los animales y el uso de cajón para el destete. Se detectó un agrupamiento espacial significativo de seropositividad a Leptospira spp. en un área de baja altitud. Conclusiones. La brucelosis probablemente esté controlada, pero Leptospira spp. se encuentra presente en estas producciones. El conocimiento de la seroprevalencia de la brucelosis y la leptospirosis, su distribución espacial y los factores de riesgo asociados puede ser útil para la prevención y el control de enfermedades zoonóticas endémicas en la región.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in pigs reared on small-scale farms in rural areas of the district of Tandil, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; to analyse the associated risk factors; to describe the prevalent Leptospira spp. serogroups; and to determine the spatial distribution of both diseases. Materials and methods. A total of 340 serum samples were obtained. Buffer Plate Agglutination Test, Rose Bengal Test, and Fluorescence Polarisation Assay were used to detect antibodies against Brucella spp. Microscopic Agglutination Test was applied for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the factors associated with the infections. Results. Seroprevalence of 0% and 22.6% was observed for brucellosis and leptospirosis, respectively. The most prevalent Leptospira serogroups identified were Canicola, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. The main risk factors associated with leptospirosis infection were farms with a higher number of pigs and the presence of horses and wild boars near or within the farms. The use of milling by-products of cereal grains as animal feed and the presence of weaning cages were also associated. A relevant spatial cluster of seropositivity to Leptospira spp. was identified in a low-altitude area. Conclusions. Our results suggest that brucellosis is probably controlled, but Leptospira spp. are present in the farming systems under study. Knowledge of brucellosis and leptospirosis seroprevalence, spatial distribution and associated risk factors can be useful for the prevention and control of endemic zoonotic diseases in the region.

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          Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire?

          Flooding and heavy rainfall have been associated with numerous outbreaks of leptospirosis around the world. With global climate change, extreme weather events such as cyclones and floods are expected to occur with increasing frequency and greater intensity and may potentially result in an upsurge in the disease incidence as well as the magnitude of leptospirosis outbreaks. In this paper, we examine mechanisms by which climate change can affect various ecological factors that are likely to drive an increase in the overall incidence as well as the frequency of outbreaks of leptospirosis. We will discuss the geographical areas that are most likely to be at risk of an increase in leptospirosis disease burden owing to the coexistence of climate change hazard risk, environmental drivers of leptospirosis outbreaks, local socioeconomic circumstances, and social and demographic trends. To reduce this disease burden, enhanced surveillance and further research is required to understand the environmental drivers of infection, to build capacity in emergency response and to promote community adaptation to a changing climate. Copyright © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
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            Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world.

            Globally, leptospirosis poses an increasing public health problem, as evidenced by markedly increasing incidence rates and multiple outbreaks in all continents. Yet, the disease is severely neglected and hence, its global burden is largely unknown. The estimated incidence of about half a million severe human cases annually is probably an underestimation while the burden for animal health is unknown. It is anticipated that current international initiatives will assess the global burden of leptospirosis, while mathematical modelling of transmission dynamics will allow the identification and testing of appropriate intervention and outbreak response measures within the coming years. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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              Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans.

              Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mvz
                Revista MVZ Córdoba
                Rev.MVZ Cordoba
                Universidad de Córdoba - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. (Córdoba, Montería, Colombia )
                0122-0268
                1909-0544
                August 2023
                : 28
                : 2
                : e3047
                Affiliations
                [1] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Argentina
                [2] Buenos Aires orgnameMinisterio de Salud de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [3] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Humanas Argentina
                [4] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía Argentina
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-5989
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-4728
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-6608
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-7582
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-0680
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-2745
                Article
                S0122-02682023000200004 S0122-0268(23)02800200004
                10.21897/rmvz.3047
                17a52181-14fa-4801-8ef1-b5e286ad1438

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : September 2022
                : February 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Originales

                brucelosis,leptospirosis,cría,cerdos (Fuente: DeCS),brucellosis,Epidemiología,swine (Source: DeCS),Epidemiology,farming

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