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      Relationship between the Korean Version of the Sniffin' Stick Test and the T&T Olfactometer in the Korean Population

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          The Korean version of the Sniffin' stick (KVSS) test is widely used in Korea to evaluate olfactory function. However, its validity and reliability have not been studied well. In this study, the authors administered the KVSS and the T%T olfactometer test to evaluate olfactory function and to establish relationships between these two test measures.

          Methods

          Two hundred and eleven patients participated in this prospective randomized study. One hundred and nine patients with no olfactory symptoms and 102 patients with decreased olfaction participated. All participants were underwent KVSS II and T&T olfactometer testing.

          Results

          The mean recognition threshold of the T&T olfactometer was -1.8±0.9 for patients with normal olfaction and 4.0±2.6 for patients with decreased olfaction. The mean Threshold-Discrimination-Identification score of the KVSS II was 30.0±3.8 for patients with normal olfaction and 15.9±7.1 for patients with decreased olfaction. Correlation coefficient between the two tests was significantly high (r s=-0.725, P<0.01).

          Conclusion

          The KVSS and T&T olfactometry test are both reliable tests of olfactory function and their results are well correlated with each other.

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          Most cited references10

          • Record: found
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          Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center.

          R G Settle, R Deems, Rod Snow … (1991)
          Smell and taste disorders are common in the general population, yet little is known about their nature or cause. This article describes a study of 750 patients with complaints of abnormal smell or taste perception from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia. Major findings suggest that: chemosensory dysfunction influences quality of life; complaints of taste loss usually reflect loss of smell function; upper respiratory infection, head trauma, and chronic nasal and paranasal sinus disease are the most common causes of the diminution of the sense of smell, with head trauma having the greatest loss; depression frequently accompanies chemosensory distortion; low body weight accompanies burning mouth syndrome; estrogens protect against loss of the sense of smell in postmenopausal women; zinc therapy may provide no benefit to patients with chemosensory dysfunction; and thyroid hormone function is associated with oral sensory distortion. The findings are discussed in relation to management of patients with chemosensory disturbances.
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            A standardized olfactometer in Japan. A review over ten years.

            S Takagi (1986)
            Article 0 comments Cited 20 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A study of the relationship between the T&T olfactometer and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in a Japanese population.

              H Kondo, T. Matsuda, M Hashiba … (2015)
              The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and a smell ability questionnaire were administered to 167 Japanese volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. Of these subjects, 80 also received the T&T olfactometer threshold test. Of the latter subjects, 36 were patients tested before endoscopic nasal surgery for sinusitis and polyposis. The patients exhibited decreased smell function, as measured by the T&T olfactometer, the UPSIT, and a 30-item version of the UPSIT in which the 10 least familiar items were removed (ps < 0.001). Spearman correlations ranging from 0.53 to 0.70 were found between (i) scores on the 30- and 40-item UPSITs and (ii) the T&T detection and recognition threshold values. Significant correlations were found between scores on the smell ability questionnaire and the olfactory test measures (UPSIT30 r = 0.56; UPSIT40 r = 0.58; T&T detection r = 0.56; T&T recognition r = 0.69, p < 0.001), indicating that subjects are relatively accurate in assessing their olfactory ability. This study suggests that the 30 and 40-item UPSITs correlate well with measures derived from the T&T olfactometer, and that all three tests are sensitive to the smell loss of Japanese sinusitis/polyposis patients.
              Article 0 comments Cited 14 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CEO
                Title: Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
                Publisher: Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
                ISSN (Print): 1976-8710
                ISSN (Electronic): 2005-0720
                Publication date (Print): December 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 December 2011
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 184-187
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                [2 ]Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Heung-Man Lee, MD. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Colleage of Medicine, 80 Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2626-3185, Fax: +82-2-868-0475, lhman@ 123456korea.ac.kr

                *These first two authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2011.4.4.184
                PMC ID: 3250582
                PubMed ID: 22232713
                SO-VID: 17912c65-8845-4b48-bfbc-ee344a9dce19
                Copyright © Copyright © 2011 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 17 August 2011
                Date revision received : 10 October 2011
                Date accepted : 31 October 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Otolaryngology
                Keywords: korean version of sniffin' stick test,t&t olfactometer
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Otolaryngology
                Keywords: korean version of sniffin' stick test, t&t olfactometer

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