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      Letter to the Editor: Bilateral Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in a 3-Year-Old Girl with Mycoplasma Pneumonia

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          Abstract

          We report an unusual case of bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage following mycoplasma pneumonia. A healthy 3-year-old girl developed bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage at 4 days after the onset of fever and respiratory symptoms such as running nose, cough, and wheezing. Laboratory data were normal except for elevation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies. The patient was followed without treatment and the subconjunctival hemorrhage resolved in both eyes within two weeks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of subconjunctival hemorrhage following mycoplasma pneumonia. Respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing may cause bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage in infants.

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          Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen.

          Ken B Waites, Deborah F. Talkington (2004)
          Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. Serious infections requiring hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ systems. The severity of disease appears to be related to the degree to which the host immune response reacts to the infection. Extrapulmonary complications involving all of the major organ systems can occur in association with M. pneumoniae infection as a result of direct invasion and/or autoimmune response. The extrapulmonary manifestations are sometimes of greater severity and clinical importance than the primary respiratory infection. Evidence for this organism's contributory role in chronic lung conditions such as asthma is accumulating. Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections can usually be achieved with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. As more is learned about the pathogenesis and immune response elicited by M. pneumoniae, improvement in methods for diagnosis and prevention of disease due to this organism may occur.
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            The red eye.

            H Leibowitz (2000)
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              Mycoplasma pneumoniae and atypical Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a case series.

              Karen A Ravin, Lara D Rappaport, Noel S Zuckerbraun … (2007)
              Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory illness in the adolescent population. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is an extrapulmonary manifestation that has been associated with M. pneumoniae infections. Three adolescent males presented within a 1-month period with M. pneumoniae respiratory illnesses and severe mucositis but without the classic rash typical of Stevens-Johnson. Diagnosis was facilitated by the use of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. This case series highlights the potential for M. pneumoniae-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome to occur without rash and supports the use of polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Ophthalmol J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Ophthalmol J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TOOPHTJ
                Title: The Open Ophthalmology Journal
                Publisher: Bentham Open
                ISSN (Electronic): 1874-3641
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 November 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 11
                Pages: 322-325
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East , , Japan
                [2 ]Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine , , Japan
                [3 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University , , Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3810-1111 (Ex7765), Fax: +81-3-3894-0282; E-mail: mimurat-tky@ 123456umin.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: TOOPHTJ-11-322
                DOI: 10.2174/1874364101711010322
                PMC ID: 5725478
                SO-VID: 17571dbb-9d56-43ad-adae-23bb7d1f8dad
                Copyright © © 2017 Mimura et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 06 April 2017
                Date revision received : 28 October 2017
                Date accepted : 07 November 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Keywords: subconjunctival,hemorrhage,mycoplasma,pneumonia,bilateral,antibodies
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Keywords: subconjunctival, hemorrhage, mycoplasma, pneumonia, bilateral, antibodies

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