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      Psychological Wellbeing and Associated Factors Among Ethnic Minorities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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          Abstract

          This study assessed the psychological wellbeing and its associated factors amongst ethnic minorities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 310 Hong Kong South Asians aged 41.3 (SD 13.7) years completed an anonymous online survey between July 2020 and February 2021. The results showed an overall moderate level of stress and high levels of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms amongst South Asian minorities. Multivariable regression analyses suggested that being single/divorced, following Hinduism or other non-Muslim religions, having lower perceived knowledge of COVID-19 and having worried about losing job were significant predictors of higher levels of depression, anxiety and/or stress; additionally, being male, having a low monthly household income, having worried about losing job and healthcare collapse were significant predictors of a higher level of PTSD symptoms. The findings suggest an urgent need to alleviate the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minorities, specifically for those most vulnerable to these impacts.

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          Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

          Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)
          Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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            Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in the General Population: A Systematic Review

            Jiaqi Xiong, Orly Lipsitz, Flora Nasri … (2020)
            Highlights • The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. • Relatively high rates of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, and stress were reported in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. • Common risk factors associated with mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic include female gender, younger age group (≤40 years), presence of chronic/psychiatric illnesses, unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19. • Mitigation of COVID-19 induced psychological distress requires government intervention and individual efforts.
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              COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence

              Nina Vindegaard, Michael Eriksen Benros (2020)
              Highlights • COVID-19 patients displayed high levels of PTSS and increased levels of depression. • Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. • Higher levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among health care workers. • A decrease in psychological well-being was observed in the general public. • However, well conducted large-scale studies are highly needed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1395 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alice W. Y. Leung:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-0464
                alicewyleung@cuhk.edu.hk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Immigr Minor Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Immigr Minor Health
                Title: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 1557-1912
                ISSN (Electronic): 1557-1920
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 February 2022
                Pages: 1-11
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.10784.3a, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0482, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ; Hong Kong SAR, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-0464
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1347
                DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01347-3
                PMC ID: 8882315
                PubMed ID: 35220516
                SO-VID: 171d6cc4-a983-4f0c-a9fb-b8bf9ead8128
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 7 February 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Keywords: psychological wellbeing,depression,anxiety,post-traumatic stress,ethnic minorities,covid-19
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Keywords: psychological wellbeing, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, ethnic minorities, covid-19

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