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      Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Fertility Treatment Decisions in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review

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          A BSTRACT

          Anti-Mullerian hormone is a robust marker of ovarian reserve and ovarian response in in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, its role extends beyond improving the safety of IVF by aiding in choosing appropriate protocols and dosing. This review looks at the value of pre-treatment anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) value in choosing the appropriate modality of treatment and its predictive ability for the outcomes of such treatment. It briefly addresses the factors that may modulate AMH levels and make clinical decision-making challenging.

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          Anti-Müllerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment.

          Christien Weenen, Joop Laven, Anne Von Bergh … (2004)
          Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, which plays an important role in both ovarian primordial follicle recruitment and dominant follicle selection in mice. However, the role of AMH in folliculogenesis in humans has not been investigated in detail. In the present study, AMH expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in ovarian sections, obtained from healthy regularly cycling women. To this end, a novel monoclonal antibody to human AMH was developed. AMH expression was not observed in primordial follicles, whereas 74% of the primary follicles showed at least a weak signal in the granulosa cells. The highest level of AMH expression was present in the granulosa cells of secondary, preantral and small antral follicles
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            Polycystic ovary syndrome.

            Richard S Legro, Theresa Hickey, J. Norman … (2007)
            Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects about one in 15 women worldwide. The major endocrine disruption is excessive androgen secretion or activity, and a large proportion of women also have abnormal insulin activity. Many body systems are affected in polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in several health complications, including menstrual dysfunction, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Women with this disorder have an established increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a still debated increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The diagnostic traits of polycystic ovary syndrome are hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, after exclusion of other conditions that cause these same features. A conclusive definition of the disorder and the importance of the three diagnostic criteria relative to each other remain controversial. The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic component that is affected by gestational environment, lifestyle factors, or both.
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              Regulation of ovarian function: the role of anti-Müllerian hormone.

              Axel P N Themmen, Jenny Visser, Alexandra Durlinger (2002)
              Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian inhibiting substance, is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. In contrast to other members of the family, which exert a broad range of functions in multiple tissues, the principal function of AMH is to induce regression of the Müllerian ducts during male sex differentiation. However, the patterns of expression of AMH and its type II receptor in the postnatal ovary indicate that AMH may play an important role in ovarian folliculogenesis. This review describes several in vivo and in vitro studies showing that AMH participates in two critical selection points of follicle development: it inhibits the recruitment of primordial follicles into the pool of growing follicles and also decreases the responsiveness of growing follicles to FSH.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Hum Reprod Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Hum Reprod Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JHRS
                Journal ID (publisher-id): J Hum Reprod Sci
                Title: Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0974-1208
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-4766
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Mar 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 March 2024
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 16-24
                Affiliations
                [1]Gynaecworld, The Centre for Women’s Health and Fertility, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
                [1 ]Sushrut Assisted Conception Clinic, Shreyas Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Padma Rekha Jirge, Sushrut Assisted Conception Clinic, Shreyas Hospital, 2013e, 6 th Lane, Rajarampuri, Kolhapur, India. E-mail: rekha.jirge@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JHRS-17-16
                DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_153_23
                PMC ID: 11041323
                PubMed ID: 38665612
                SO-VID: 16e05616-5dfe-4092-94d1-f9c734a79e5f
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 12 November 2023
                Date revision received : 20 January 2024
                Date accepted : 21 January 2024
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Human biology
                Keywords: anti-mullerian hormone,clinical utility of anti-mullerian hormone,in vitro fertilisation,ovulation induction,polycystic ovary syndrome
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Human biology
                Keywords: anti-mullerian hormone, clinical utility of anti-mullerian hormone, in vitro fertilisation, ovulation induction, polycystic ovary syndrome

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