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      Utilidad tinción con azul de metileno en la identificación de metaplasia intestinal en antro gástrico

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la tinción con azul de metileno en la identificación de áreas de metaplasia intestinal en antro gástrico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Evaluando 75 pacientes del servicio de gastroenterología “Dr. Simón Beker” en el Hospital General del Oeste “Dr. José Gregorio Hernández” durante el período mayo - octubre 2008. Resultados: en el grupo A la sospecha endoscópica de metaplasia intestinal se confirmo con histología en el 71,4%. En el grupo B, con tinción y sin sospecha endoscópica, la histología confirmo 9 (40,9%) casos y en el grupo C sin sospecha y sin tinción, se confirmo en 9 (36%) pacientes con un resultado estadísticamente significativo (p=<0,020). La tinción permitió: en 26 (92,8%) pacientes delimitar con mayor exactitud los bordes de las lesiones sospechosas, en 12 (42,8%) pacientes delimitar la extensión de la lesión la cual era mayor a la descrita en la endoscopia convencional, en 16 (57,1%) pacientes permitió destacar un mayor número de lesiones. Conclusión: La tinción con azul de metileno en el antro gástrico es un procedimiento útil, y debería ser utilizado como pesquisa.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To determine the utility of the stain with blue of methylene in the identification of antral and angular gastric early intestinal metaplasia. Materials and methods: Descriptive, prospective study. Evaluating 75 patients of the service of gastroenterology “Dr. Simón Beker” in the General Hospital of the West “Dr. Jose Gregorio Hernandez” during the period May - October 2008. Results: 75 patients evaluated, in the group A with intestinal metaplasia endoscopic suspicion of metaplasia, was confimed with histology in the 71.4%. In group B, with tinción and without endoscopic suspicion, the histology was confirmed in 40.9%, and in group C without suspicion and without tinción, was confirmed in 36% of the patient with a statistically significant result (p=<0,020). The stain it allowed: in 26 (92.8%) patient delimit with greater exactitude the edges of the suspicious injuries, in 12 (42.8%) patient to delimit the extension of the injury which was greater to the described one in conventional endoscopy, in 16 (57.1%) patient ones allowed to emphasize a greater number of injuries. Conclusion: The stain with blue of methylene is a useful procedure, and would have to be used like investigation.

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          Magnification chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.

          The aim of this study was to define the reproducibility and accuracy of magnification chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of lesions associated with gastric cancer (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia). A total of 136 patients with previously diagnosed lesions and 5 gastrectomy specimens were studied. Endoscopic examination was performed with a magnification endoscope after methylene blue (1%) spraying. According to differences in color and mucosal pattern, groups and subgroups of endoscopic images were defined, and biopsies taken (n = 462). Five endoscopists were asked to classify individually 2 endoscopic images per subgroup on 2 separate occasions. Three groups of endoscopic images were defined: nonmetaplastic, nondysplastic mucosa (I); metaplastic mucosa (II); and dysplastic mucosa (III). Ten subgroups were defined according to pit pattern: round small (IA), round and tubular small (IB), coarse round (IC), and course round pits with a straight pit (ID); blue irregular marks (IIA), blue round and tubular pits (IIB), blue villi (IIC), and blue small pits (IID); and loss of clear pattern, with depression (IIIA) or with slight elevation (IIIB). The kappa statistic for intraobserver agreement on the classification of endoscopic images in groups was 0.86; for interobserver agreement, it was 0.74. For classification into subgroups, kappa values ranged from 0.48 to 0.78. For 85% of the areas classified endoscopically as Group I (n = 146), no mucosal lesions or gastritis was described at histologic examination; for 83% of those in Group II (n = 198), intestinal metaplasia was found. Subgroups IIA and IIB were more often associated with complete intestinal metaplasia (62%), and IIC and IID with incomplete metaplasia (67%); in Group III (n = 118), dysplasia was diagnosed histopathologically in 33%. For the diagnosis of dysplasia, specificity was 81% (95% CI [77%, 85%]) and negative predictive value 99% (95% CI [99%, 100%]). Gastric endoscopic patterns with chromoendoscopy and magnification seem reproducible and valid for the diagnosis of lesions associated with gastric cancer. This procedure may improve the follow-up of individuals at high-risk of gastric cancer, at least for the exclusion of severe lesions.
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            Methylene blue selectively stains intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus.

            Specialized columnar epithelium in Barrett's esophagus resembles gastric intestinal metaplasia, which selectively stains with methylene blue. We prospectively evaluated the safety, accuracy, reproducibility, cost, and diagnostic yield of methylene blue-directed biopsy in detecting specialized columnar epithelium and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. We performed upper endoscopy with methylene blue-directed biopsy and obtained 236 large cup biopsy specimens (145 stained, 91 unstained) from 14 patients with Barrett's esophagus of any length (Group 1) and 12 control patients. Biopsy specimens were independently examined by two pathologists unaware of the endoscopic results. Methylene blue stained specialized columnar epithelium in 18 of the 26 patients, including those with intramucosal carcinoma (1), high-grade dysplasia (1), and indefinite/low-grade dysplasia (6). Methylene blue staining pattern, which was focal in 72% and diffuse in 28% of patients, was reproduced in 8 patients who had repeat staining within 4 weeks. The overall accuracy of methylene blue staining for detecting specialized columnar epithelium was 95%. The diagnostic yield of methylene blue staining for specialized columnar epithelium in "control" patients was 42%. The risk for dysplasia in stained biopsy specimens was greater than in unstained ones (odds ratio 17.7, p = .0004). Methylene blue mucosal staining is a safe, inexpensive, reproducible, and highly accurate method of diagnosing specialized columnar epithelium in Barrett's esophagus.
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              Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue and associated DNA damage in Barrett's oesophagus.

              Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue has been proposed to improve targeting of biopsies to specialised intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. However, methylene blue can induce oxidative damage of DNA when photosensitised by white light. We show that damage to DNA is increased in Barrett's mucosa after chromoendoscopy with methylene blue, an effect apparently dependent on presence of both methylene blue and endoscopic white light. Exposure of Barrett's mucosa to DNA damage during endoscopy warrants caution since it could accelerate carcinogenesis. This risk needs to be carefully balanced against the possible benefit of improved early detection of preneoplastic lesions with methylene blue chromoendoscopy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gen
                Gen
                Gen
                Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroentereología (Caracas )
                0016-3503
                September 2011
                : 65
                : 3
                : 171-176
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital General del Oeste Dr. José Gregorio Hernández Venezuela
                Article
                S0016-35032011000300003
                1616d3c1-1d6e-4d9b-ba99-2397f5cf80ce

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0016-3503&lng=en

                Intestinal,Blue Metaplasia of methylene,Cromoendoscopia,Gastric antro,Metaplasia intestinal,Azul de metileno,Antro gástrico

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