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      Ex vivo analysis of the debris remaining in flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of apical debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Fresh-extracted human mandibular incisors were used in this study. The teeth had clinical indication for extraction and were submitted to cold pulp vitality testing and radiographic examination. Eighteen teeth were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n=9), according to the clinical diagnosis, i.e., pulp vitality or pulp necrosis. The canals were instrumented with the ProTaper NiTi rotary system in the following sequence: S1 - up to the middle third; SX - at the cervical third; S2- up to the apical third; and S1, F1, F2, F3 - at the working length. The canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite, dried and were submitted to the histological processing. Sections from the apical third were analyzed by an optical microscope (X40) that was coupled to a computer where the images were captured and analyzed using specific softwares. A grid was placed over these images to assess the total canal area and the areas with debris. Mann-Whitney U-test showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the teeth with pulp vitality (6.49 ± 3.39) and those with pulp necrosis (5.95 ± 2.22). It may be concluded that the clinical condition of pulp tissue did not interfere with the amount of debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals prepared with Ni-Ti rotary instruments.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de debris no terço apical de canais radiculares achatados de dentes com polpa vital ou não-vital após preparo biomecânico com instrumentos rotatórios de níquel-titânio. Incisivos humanos inferiores recentemente extraídos for usados neste estudo. Os dentes tinham indicação para exodontia e o diagnóstico clínico do estado pulpar foi realizado mediante teste de vitalidade com frio e exame radiográfico. Dezoito incisivos inferiores humanos foram selecionados e distribuídos em dois grupos (n=9), de acordo com o diagnóstico clínico: dentes com a polpa viva ou dentes com a polpa necrosada. Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados com o sistema rotatório ProTaper com instrumentos de NiTi na seguinte seqüência: S1- até o terço médio; SX - no terço cervical; S2 - até no terço apical; e S1, F1, F2, F3 - no comprimento de trabalho. Os canais foram irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio a 1%, secos e submetidos ao processamento histológico. Cortes do terço apical foram analisados em microscópio ótico (40X) acoplado a um computador onde as imagens resultantes foram capturadas e analisadas utilizando programas específicos. Uma grade foi colocada sobre estas imagens para avaliar a área total do canal e as áreas com debris. O teste de Mann-Whitney mostrou não haver diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre os dentes com vitalidade pulpar (6,49 ± 3,39) e aqueles com necrose pulpar (5,95 ± 2,22). Concluiu-se que o estado clínico pulpar não interferiu na quantidade de debris remanescentes no terço apical de canais radiculares achatados preparados com instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi.

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          In vivo debridement efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation following hand-rotary instrumentation in human mandibular molars.

          This study histologically compared the in vivo debridement efficacy of hand/rotary canal preparation versus a hand/rotary/ultrasound technique in mesial root canals of vital mandibular molars. Group 1 consisted of 16 teeth prepared with a hand/rotary technique whereas group 2 consisted of 15 teeth prepared in similar fashion but followed by 1 min of ultrasonic irrigation, per canal, utilizing an ultrasonic needle in a MiniEndo unit. Five uninstrumented mandibular molars served as histologic controls. After extraction and histologic preparation, 0.5 microm cross-sections, taken every 0.2 mm from the 1- to 3-mm apical levels, were evaluated for percentage of tissue removal. Nonparametric analysis revealed mean percent canal and isthmus cleanliness values to be significantly higher for group 2 at all levels evaluated, except one. In conclusion, the 1 min use of the ultrasonic needle after hand/rotary instrumentation resulted in significantly cleaner canals and isthmuses in the mesial roots of mandibular molars.
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            Efficacy of instrumentation techniques and irrigation regimens in reducing the bacterial population within root canals.

            The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro intracanal bacterial reduction produced by using two instrumentation techniques and different irrigation methods. Root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared by using the following techniques and irrigants: alternated rotary motions (ARM) technique, hand nickel-titanium files and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as irrigant; ARM technique and combined irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and citric acid; ARM technique and combined irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate; and Greater Taper rotary files, using 2.5% NaOCl as irrigant. Controls were instrumented by using the ARM technique and irrigated with sterile saline. Canals were sampled before and after preparation. After serial dilution, samples were plated onto Mitis-Salivarius agar, and the colony forming units that were grown were counted. All test techniques and solutions significantly reduced the number of bacterial cells within the root canal (p 0.05). Nonetheless, all of them were significantly more effective than the control group (p < 0.05). These findings support the importance of using antimicrobial irrigants during the chemomechanical preparation, regardless of the solutions or instrumentation techniques used.
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              Influence of instrument size on root canal debridement.

              Files of Greater Taper (GT) are rotary nickel-titanium files of three tapers (0.06, 0.08, 0.10) with file tips of sizes 20, 30, and 40. The purpose of this study was to compare in an in situ model the efficacy of root canal debridement in the apical 3 mm when instrumenting to a GT size 20 or a GT size 40 at working length. Twenty matched human cadaver teeth with 32 canals were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and instrumented with rotary Files of GT to either GT size 20 or GT size 40. Sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and RC Prep were chemical aids for debridement. The teeth were extracted; decalcified; sectioned at 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.5 mm from the apex; and prepared for histologic examination and quantification of remaining debris. No differences were found between each level within each apex size group; however, the GT size 20 group left significantly more debris in the apical third compared with the GT size 40 group. A regression analysis showed that the apical third cleanliness could be predicted mainly by instrument size and to a lesser extent by the canal length. Irrigant volume, number of instrument changes, and depth of penetration of irrigation needle were not likely to explain differences in debridement.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bdj
                Brazilian Dental Journal
                Braz. Dent. J.
                Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                0103-6440
                1806-4760
                2006
                : 17
                : 3
                : 233-236
                Affiliations
                [01] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUniversity of Ribeirão Preto orgdiv1School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Department of Dentistry Brazil
                Article
                S0103-64402006000300011 S0103-6440(06)01700311
                10.1590/S0103-64402006000300011
                160eeba2-84ff-4b01-b82d-e3b78ba6a282

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 June 2006
                : 20 June 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

                cleanness,debris,pulp,root canal,rotary instrumentation
                cleanness, debris, pulp, root canal, rotary instrumentation

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