Lipid Production from Nannochloropsis

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Abstract

Microalgae are sunlight-driven green cell factories for the production of potential bioactive products and biofuels. Nannochloropsis represents a genus of marine microalgae with high photosynthetic efficiency and can convert carbon dioxide to storage lipids mainly in the form of triacylglycerols and to the ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Recently, Nannochloropsis has received ever-increasing interests of both research and public communities. This review aims to provide an overview of biology and biotechnological potential of Nannochloropsis, with the emphasis on lipid production. The path forward for the further exploration of Nannochloropsis for lipid production with respect to both challenges and opportunities is also discussed.

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Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor.

Liliana Rodolfi, Graziella Chini Zittelli, Niccolò Bassi … (2009)

Thirty microalgal strains were screened in the laboratory for their biomass productivity and lipid content. Four strains (two marine and two freshwater), selected because robust, highly productive and with a relatively high lipid content, were cultivated under nitrogen deprivation in 0.6-L bubbled tubes. Only the two marine microalgae accumulated lipid under such conditions. One of them, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp. F&M-M24, which attained 60% lipid content after nitrogen starvation, was grown in a 20-L Flat Alveolar Panel photobioreactor to study the influence of irradiance and nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus) deprivation on fatty acid accumulation. Fatty acid content increased with high irradiances (up to 32.5% of dry biomass) and following both nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation (up to about 50%). To evaluate its lipid production potential under natural sunlight, the strain was grown outdoors in 110-L Green Wall Panel photobioreactors under nutrient sufficient and deficient conditions. Lipid productivity increased from 117 mg/L/day in nutrient sufficient media (with an average biomass productivity of 0.36 g/L/day and 32% lipid content) to 204 mg/L/day (with an average biomass productivity of 0.30 g/L/day and more than 60% final lipid content) in nitrogen deprived media. In a two-phase cultivation process (a nutrient sufficient phase to produce the inoculum followed by a nitrogen deprived phase to boost lipid synthesis) the oil production potential could be projected to be more than 90 kg per hectare per day. This is the first report of an increase of both lipid content and areal lipid productivity attained through nutrient deprivation in an outdoor algal culture. The experiments showed that this marine eustigmatophyte has the potential for an annual production of 20 tons of lipid per hectare in the Mediterranean climate and of more than 30 tons of lipid per hectare in sunny tropical areas.

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An outlook on microalgal biofuels.

R. H. Wijffels, M Barbosa (2010)

Microalgae are considered one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuels. The productivity of these photosynthetic microorganisms in converting carbon dioxide into carbon-rich lipids, only a step or two away from biodiesel, greatly exceeds that of agricultural oleaginous crops, without competing for arable land. Worldwide, research and demonstration programs are being carried out to develop the technology needed to expand algal lipid production from a craft to a major industrial process. Although microalgae are not yet produced at large scale for bulk applications, recent advances-particularly in the methods of systems biology, genetic engineering, and biorefining-present opportunities to develop this process in a sustainable and economical way within the next 10 to 15 years.

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Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production.

Colin Ratledge (2004)

Single cell oils (SCOs) are now produced by various microorganisms as commercial sources of arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These oils are now used extensively as dietary supplements in infant formulas. An understanding of the underlying biochemistry and genetics of oil accumulation in such microorganisms is therefore essential if lipid yields are to be improved. Also an understanding of the biosynthetic pathways involved in the production of these polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is also highly desirable as a prerequisite to increasing their content in the oils. An account is provided of the biosynthetic machinery that is necessary to achieve oil accumulation in an oleaginous species where it can account for lipid build up in excess of 70% of the cell biomass. Whilst PUFA production in most microorganisms uses a conventional fatty acid synthase (FAS) system followed by a series of desaturases and elongases, in Schizochytrium sp., and probably related thraustochytrid marine protists, PUFA synthesis now appears to be via a polyketide synthase (PKS) route. This route is discussed. It clearly represents a major departure from conventional fatty acid biosynthesis, possibly as a means of decreasing the amount of NADPH that is needed in the overall process.

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Andrew Desbois: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mar Drugs

Journal ID (publisher-id): marinedrugs

Title: Marine Drugs

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397

Publication date (Electronic): 25 March 2016

Publication date Collection: April 2016

Volume: 14

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: 61

Affiliations

Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; maxiaonian126@ 123456126.com (X.-N.M.); tianpeng_chen@ 123456163.com (T.-P.C.); ly_mikeyang@ 123456163.com (B.Y.)

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: gjinliu@ 123456pku.edu.cn (J.L.); sfchencoe@ 123456pku.edu.cn (F.C.); Tel.: +86-10-62766640 (J.L.); +86-10-62745356 (F.C.)

Article

Publisher ID: marinedrugs-14-00061

DOI: 10.3390/md14040061

PMC ID: 4849066

PubMed ID: 27023568

SO-VID: 15441825-bf2b-4d3a-9732-c9cc925f2074

License:

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Lipid Production from Nannochloropsis

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Abstract

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Journal of Circulating Biomarkers

Most cited references 86

Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor.

An outlook on microalgal biofuels.

Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production.

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